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animal such as a snake, lizard, turtle, or crocodile

爬行动物

able to withstand a disease, chemical, or other harmful influence

有抵抗力的；耐……的

all of a plant's roots considered together

根系

spread of seeds away from the parent plant

种子传播；种子散布

production of offspring through the joining of reproductive cells

有性生殖

interbreeding group under the biological species concept

物种

stay alive through difficult conditions

存活；幸存

close and persistent association between different species

共生（不同物种间密切而持续的关系）

living on land rather than in water

陆生的；陆栖的

defending an area against other animals

有领地意识的；护卫领地的

grow or develop very well

茁壮生长；繁盛

cells organized to perform a biological function

（生物的）组织

withstand an unfavorable condition without serious harm

耐受；能承受（不利环境）

animal belonging to the group with backbones

脊椎动物