คำศัพท์ TOEFL

without being affected or changed by the factor named afterward

不论；不管；无论

to show or establish a connection between two or more things

联系；把……关联起来

having a connection with something else

相关的；彼此有联系的

A connection between things or the way they affect one another.

关系；事物之间的联系或相互影响方式

when compared with or considered in relation to the reference named afterward

相对于；与……相比

to a degree judged by comparison with something else or a relevant standard

相对地；比较而言

A useful connection to the matter being considered.

相关性；与正在讨论的问题存在有用联系的程度

closely connected with the subject or problem being considered

相关的；切题的

to continue to be in a particular state or situation

仍然；保持原有状态

to take something away from a place, group, or existing whole

移除；去掉；拿走

to do or say something again

重复；再做或再说一遍

to put someone or something in the place of another, or take that place

替换；取代

to stand for or express something through a sign, image, value, or other form

代表；表示；象征

to need something or make it necessary for someone to do something

需要；要求

Something that is needed or must be satisfied.

要求；必要条件；必须具备或满足的事项

to bring a problem, disagreement, or uncertainty to a satisfactory conclusion

解决；消除争议或疑问

in the same order as the people or things that have just been listed

分别地；按前述顺序

to react or give a reply to an event, question, or other information

回应；作出反应；回答

An action or change that occurs because of an event or situation.

回应；反应；因某个事件或情况而出现的行动或变化

A duty to deal with something or answer for one's actions.

责任；职责；处理某事或对自己的行为负责的义务

having a duty to take care of something or answer for what happens

负有责任的；有义务照管或交代的

to place limits on what someone can do or on the range of something

限制；约束；限定范围

to happen because of a particular cause

由……引起；源于

to cause a particular outcome to happen

导致；造成

to keep something rather than lose it or give it up

保留；保持；记住

to make something that was hidden or unknown become known

揭示；显露；使为人所知

to change the direction of a movement, change, or trend to its opposite

逆转；使方向相反

possible to undo or restore to a previous state under the relevant conditions

可逆的；可以恢复原状的

immediately, without delay

立刻；马上