คำศัพท์ TOEFL

To shorten a word or expression by leaving out letters or words.

缩写；通过省略字母或词语缩短某个词或表达

An indirect reference to a known person, event, story, or work that adds meaning through association.

典故；通过联想增加含义的、对熟知人物、事件、故事或作品的间接引用

A set of letters, usually arranged in a conventional order, used to write the sounds of a language.

字母表；用于书写某种语言语音、通常按惯例排序的一套字母

The possibility of more than one meaning or interpretation, or a particular instance of this.

歧义；存在多种含义或解释的可能性，或其具体实例

Open to more than one plausible meaning or interpretation.

有歧义的；可作不止一种合理解释的

A published collection of selected literary works, often by several writers or centered on a theme.

选集；通常围绕某个主题或收录多位作家作品的文学作品集

A word whose meaning contrasts with or is opposite to that of another word.

反义词；意义与另一个词相反或相对的词

To form speech sounds by positioning and moving the tongue, lips, and other parts of the vocal tract.

发出语音；通过舌、唇等发音器官的位置和运动形成语音

To produce repeated speech-like sounds, especially before a young child uses recognizable words.

咿呀学语；尤其指幼儿在说出可辨认的词语之前反复发出近似言语的声音

A person or person-like figure represented in a story, play, or other fictional work.

人物；故事、戏剧等虚构作品中的角色

To show the qualities of a fictional character through description, speech, actions, or other narrative choices.

刻画人物；通过描写、语言或行动表现虚构人物的特征

A grammatical unit centered on a verb or predicate, usually containing a subject, that may form all or part of a sentence.

分句；以动词或谓语为中心、通常含有主语、可构成整个句子或句子一部分的语法单位

Alternating between languages or language varieties within a conversation, interaction, or stretch of communication.

语码转换；在一次交谈、互动或一段交流中交替使用不同语言或语言变体

To invent a new word or expression.

创造新词；创制新的表达

Typical of informal conversation rather than formal speech or writing.

口语的；日常非正式交谈中常用的

To give or change the forms of a verb to show grammatical features such as tense or person.

使动词变位；列出或改变动词形式以表示时态、人称等语法特征

An idea, feeling, or evaluation associated with a word beyond what it directly refers to.

内涵意义；词语直接指称之外引发的联想、感情色彩或评价

A speech sound produced with a significant narrowing or blockage somewhere in the vocal tract.

辅音；发音时声道某处出现明显收窄或阻塞的语音

To talk with another person or other people in an exchange of ideas or information.

交谈；与他人交流想法或信息

To refer directly to or designate something through a word, expression, or symbol.

表示；指称；用词语、表达或符号直接指向某事物

A variety of a language associated with a region or social group, with characteristic vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.

方言；与某地区或社会群体相关、在词汇、语法和发音等方面具有特征的语言变体

The origin and historical development of a word, or the study of such origins and changes.

词源；词的起源与历史演变，或对这些内容的研究

Stories about imagined people or events, or literature consisting of such stories.

小说；虚构文学

Using words in a meaning beyond their direct or basic sense, often to make a comparison or evoke an image.

比喻的；超出词语字面本义、常用于比较或唤起意象的

A language a person acquires from early childhood; a person may acquire more than one.

第一语言；幼年时期习得的语言，一个人可以有不止一种第一语言

A story told by a narrator who refers to themself as I or to their group as we.

第一人称叙事；叙述者用“我”或“我们”讲述故事

A scene or passage that interrupts a story's current sequence to show an earlier event.

倒叙片段；中断当前叙事而呈现先前事件的场景或段落

Able to use a language smoothly and with relative ease, without frequent disruptive pauses.

流利的；能较顺畅、轻松地使用语言且不频繁中断的

To suggest a later development through an earlier detail or event.

预示；通过先前的细节或事件暗示后续发展