คำศัพท์ TOEFL

using forms and colors without directly depicting recognizable objects

抽象的；不直接描绘现实中可辨识物体的

alteration of an existing building for a new use

适应性再利用；保留建筑重要部分并改造为新用途的做法

relating to beauty or the appreciation of art and appearance

审美的；与美、艺术体验或外观欣赏有关的

person who designs buildings

建筑师；设计建筑及其空间的人

recognizable set of features in building design

建筑风格；建筑形式、材料和装饰所体现的可辨识特征组合

art and practice of designing buildings

建筑学；建筑设计的艺术与实践

care and treatment that safeguard artworks and their significance

艺术品保护；为保存艺术品材料及其意义而进行的研究、养护和处理

grouping of artists or works linked by shared aims or approaches

艺术运动；特定历史背景下因共同理念、目标或方法联系起来的艺术群体或作品

object or image created as art

艺术作品

having parts that do not correspond across a line or center

不对称的；对应部分的形状、大小或位置不同的

genuinely from the creator period or origin claimed

真实的；真品的；确实来自所声称作者、时期或来源的

experimental and challenging established artistic conventions

先锋的；实验性地挑战既有艺术观念或实践的

part of a picture appearing behind the main subject

背景；主体后方的画面区域

mark left by a single movement of a paintbrush

笔触；画笔一次运动留下的痕迹

sculpture of a person's head, shoulders, and upper chest

半身雕像；表现头部、肩部及通常包括胸部上方的雕像

strong woven cloth used as a surface for painting

画布；通常绷在框架上用于绘画的结实织物

shape a hard material by cutting away parts

雕刻；通过切去部分材料形成物体或图案

form a sculpture by filling a mold with material that hardens

浇铸；把液态材料注入模具并使其硬化成形

create and arrange the movements of a dance

编舞；创作和编排舞者的动作

creation or arrangement of movements for dance

编舞；舞蹈动作的创作与编排或编排成的动作序列

group of objects gathered and maintained by a museum or collector

藏品；收藏系列；博物馆或收藏者汇集并保存的一组物件

visible difference between colors placed near each other

色彩对比；相邻色彩之间的明显差异

planned combination of colors used in a design

配色方案；设计中有计划使用的颜色组合

formally request and usually pay for an artwork to be created

委托创作；通常付费请艺术家或设计师制作特定作品

create a piece of music

作曲；通过组织声音创作音乐作品

arrangement of visual elements in an artwork

构图；艺术作品中视觉元素的安排

document recording an object's physical state at a particular time

状况报告；记录物件在特定时间的物理状态、损坏或变化的文件

professional who studies and cares for cultural objects to limit damage

文物或艺术品保护修复师；检查、养护并适当处理文化物件的专业人员

open area enclosed or partly enclosed by buildings or walls

庭院；由建筑或墙壁围合或部分围合的室外空间