คำศัพท์ TOEFL

choose a representative or officeholder by voting

选举；选出

people entitled to vote in a particular election

全体选民；选民群体

organizations responding to urgent threats to safety or health

应急服务；紧急救援部门

formally make a proposal into law

颁布；制定（法律）

make people follow a law or official rule

执行；强制实施

legal right to receive a specified benefit or service

依法享有的福利或服务权利

principle of equal treatment by the law

平等保护

part of government that carries out laws and policies

行政部门；政府行政分支

make practical use of a legally recognized freedom or entitlement

行使权利

relating to a union with central and regional governments

联邦的

right to express ideas without unjustified interference

言论自由

organized by ordinary community members rather than central leaders

基层的；民间发起的

occupy a formal position of governmental authority

担任公职

currently holding a particular elected or official position

现任的；在职的

official examination to assess conditions or compliance

检查；检验

relating to courts judges or legal decisions

司法的；法院的

court examination of the lawfulness of public action

司法审查

courts and judges considered as an institution

司法机关；司法系统

legal authority over a case area or subject

管辖权

allowed by the applicable law

合法的

civil legal action brought before a court

民事诉讼

creating obligations enforceable under law

具有法律约束力的

make laws through legislative action

立法

relating to making laws or a lawmaking body

立法的；立法机关的

institution with authority to make laws

立法机关

seek to influence officials on a public decision

游说；向决策者争取支持

decision supported by more than half of the relevant votes

多数表决；过半数赞成票

required by an official rule or authority

强制性的；必须遵守的

dependent on an assessment of financial resources

经经济状况审查的；按收入或资产条件提供的