คำศัพท์ TOEFL

required to explain official decisions and accept responsibility

须负责的；须接受问责的

formally decide a dispute or legal issue

裁决；审理并判决

formally change the wording of a law or document

修订；修正

dispute resolution through a decision by a selected third party

仲裁

concentrating political power and restricting opposition

威权主义的；专制的

able to govern or make decisions without direct outside control

自治的；自主的

paper or electronic form used to record a vote

选票

proposed law submitted for legislative consideration

法案

supported by or involving two political parties

两党共同的；获两党支持的

group of senior government ministers

内阁

organized effort to win support in an election

竞选活动；选举宣传活动

arrangements allowing institutions to limit one another's powers

制衡机制；相互制约

legal membership of a country with associated rights and duties

公民身份；国籍

relating to citizens and their role in public life

公民的；公共事务的

participation in community and public affairs

公民参与；公共事务参与

basic freedoms protected against unjustified state interference

公民自由；基本自由

rights to equal legal treatment and participation in society

公民权利；平等民权

person employed in civilian government administration

公务员

alliance of political groups working together

联盟；联合执政联盟

district whose voters elect a representative

选区

fundamental rules organizing a state and public authority

宪法；宪制

formal change to a constitution

宪法修正案；修宪

formally find someone guilty of a criminal offense

判定有罪

official direction issued by a court

法院命令；法院裁定

transfer decision-making powers away from central control

下放权力；实行分权

person or organization facing a legal case

被告

political system in which the people exercise governing authority

民主；民主政体

unjust unequal treatment based on group characteristics

歧视；不公平区别对待

legally required fair procedures for government actions affecting protected interests

正当法律程序