คำศัพท์ TOEFL

water application through small outlets near plants

滴灌

To remove a course from the set of classes one is taking.

退选课程；取消选课

to make a short, informal visit to a person or place

顺便到访；短暂拜访

to take something to a place and leave it there for someone or for a stated purpose

送到并留下；顺便送交

prolonged shortage of precipitation and available water

干旱；旱灾

sleepy and less alert

困倦的；昏昏欲睡的

The date by which an assignment or other required work must be completed or submitted.

截止日期；作业等必须完成或提交的日期

legally required fair procedures for government actions affecting protected interests

正当法律程序

caused by or happening because of the factor named afterward

由于；因为

resistant to damage or wear over time

耐用的；经久的

relating to a ruling family and its continuity

王朝的；王室家族的

recognition of condition at an initial stage

早期发现；早期检出

sudden ground shaking caused by movement within Earth

地震

reflected sound heard separately after original

回声

A communication setting in which similar views are repeatedly reinforced while alternatives are excluded, discounted, or given little attention.

回音室；相似观点被反复强化、其他观点受到排斥、贬低或很少关注的交流环境

way a species uses resources and interacts with its environment

生态位

gradual change in the species making up a community

生态演替；群落演替

Relating to the production, distribution, or use of goods and services, or the organization of an economy.

经济的；与商品和服务的生产、分配、使用或经济体系有关的

An increase over time in an economy's output of goods and services after allowing for price changes.

经济增长；扣除价格变化影响后，经济体商品和服务产出的增加

Reductions in average cost per unit that can occur when the scale of production increases.

规模经济；扩大生产规模时可能出现的平均单位成本下降

The system of producing, distributing, and using goods and services in a country, region, or other community.

经济；国家、地区或其他共同体生产、分配和使用商品及服务的体系

community interacting with its physical environment

生态系统

A person who selects, checks, and prepares material for publication or broadcast.

编辑；挑选、审核并整理出版或播出材料的人

An article that expresses the view of a publication or its editors on a matter of public interest.

社论；表达出版物或其编辑对公共议题立场的文章

A change produced by an action or condition.

影响；效果；某个行动或条件引起的变化

producing the result that was intended

有效的；能达到预期结果的

The degree to which intended results are achieved.

有效性；达到预期结果的程度

ability of intervention to produce intended effect under study conditions

疗效；干预效能

The extent to which time, energy, or other resources are used without waste.

效率；以较少浪费使用时间、精力或其他资源的程度