คำศัพท์ TOEFL

curved structure transmitting loads to side supports

拱；拱形承重结构

distinct deposit preserving traces of past activity

考古地层

study of past societies through physical remains

考古学

person who designs buildings

建筑师；设计建筑及其空间的人

recognizable set of features in building design

建筑风格；建筑形式、材料和装饰所体现的可辨识特征组合

art and practice of designing buildings

建筑学；建筑设计的艺术与实践

collection of preserved historical records

档案库；档案收藏

Used to indicate that there are reasons for a view, while allowing that others may disagree.

可以说；用于表明某种观点有理由支持，同时承认他人可能不同意

to give reasons intended to support a particular opinion or conclusion

论证；主张；提出理由

A connected set of reasons offered to support a position or conclusion.

论证；为支持某种立场或结论而提出的一组相互关联的理由

extremely dry because precipitation is scarce

干旱的；少雨的

to begin to exist or occur, especially as a situation, issue, or difficulty

产生；出现；发生

agreement to stop fighting

停战协定；停战

to put things or events into a particular order or position

排列；安排顺序或位置

care and treatment that safeguard artworks and their significance

艺术品保护；为保存艺术品材料及其意义而进行的研究、养护和处理

grouping of artists or works linked by shared aims or approaches

艺术运动；特定历史背景下因共同理念、目标或方法联系起来的艺术群体或作品

blood vessel carrying blood away from heart

动脉

To form speech sounds by positioning and moving the tongue, lips, and other parts of the vocal tract.

发出语音；通过舌、唇等发音器官的位置和运动形成语音

object made or modified by people in the past

人工制品；文物

The field and technologies concerned with computer systems that perform tasks such as recognizing patterns, making predictions, or generating responses.

人工智能；研究和实现识别模式、预测等任务的计算技术

object or image created as art

艺术作品

as a result of the event or situation named afterward

由于；作为……的结果

used to introduce something that happens because of an earlier event or situation

因此；结果

considered together as one complete unit rather than as separate parts

作为一个整体；整体来看

used to connect a statement or action with something that was discussed earlier

如先前讨论的；用于将当前内容与之前谈过的事项联系起来

Used to limit a statement to what the speaker can judge from the information available.

据我判断；就目前掌握的信息而言；将陈述限定于说话者掌握的信息

used to introduce the exact details, list, or explanation that appears immediately afterward

如下；用于引出紧接着列出的具体内容、清单或说明

on the condition that the statement following it is true

只要；条件是

a number equal to the number associated with the reference being compared

与……一样多（用于可数对象）