คำศัพท์ TOEFL

Changes in cultural practices or understandings that arise through sustained contact between cultural groups.

文化适应；文化群体持续接触所引起的文化变化

The distribution of people among different age groups in a population.

年龄结构；人口在不同年龄组中的分布

A population in which older people make up an increasing share of the total.

老龄化人口；老年人口占比不断增加的人口

The study of humans, including their cultures, biological development, and ways of life across time and place.

人类学

To become more similar to a surrounding cultural group by adopting its practices or ways of life.

同化；通过接受周围群体的做法而变得相似

The number of live births in a population over a period, usually expressed per thousand people per year.

出生率；通常按每年每千人口活产数计算

A person whose earnings provide the main financial support for a household or family.

主要经济支柱；家庭主要收入提供者

An official effort to count an entire population and collect information about its characteristics.

人口普查；对全体人口进行的官方统计

Intended to help people in need or support a public-benefit cause.

慈善的；旨在帮助有需要者或支持公益的

To live together as partners in an intimate relationship without being married to each other.

同居；未婚伴侣共同生活

Shared or used by members of a community or group.

公共共用的；群体共有的

A group of people connected by where they live, shared interests, or a sense of belonging.

社区；因居住地、共同兴趣或归属感而联系的群体

A place that provides activities, services, and meeting space for people in a local area.

社区中心；为当地居民提供活动与聚会场所的设施

An established way of behaving that people generally accept within a group or setting.

惯例；约定俗成的行为方式

Relating to a group's beliefs, practices, knowledge, or forms of expression.

文化的；与群体的观念和实践有关的

An approach that seeks to understand beliefs and practices within their own cultural context rather than imposing outside standards.

文化相对主义；在所属文化背景中理解观念与实践的方法

The shared and changing beliefs, practices, knowledge, and forms of expression associated with a group.

文化；群体共享且不断变化的观念、实践、知识与表达形式

Usual or traditional within a particular group, place, or situation.

惯常的；习俗上的

The number of deaths in a population over a period, usually expressed per thousand people per year.

死亡率；通常按每年每千人口死亡数计算

Relating to the size, composition, distribution, or change of a human population.

人口统计的；人口特征与变化的

A long-term shift in a population from generally high birth and death rates to generally low ones.

人口转变；人口从高出生率和高死亡率向低水平转变的长期过程

The study of human populations, including their size, composition, distribution, and changes through births, deaths, and migration.

人口学

An age-based ratio comparing people outside a defined working-age range with those within that range.

抚养比；非劳动年龄人口与劳动年龄人口之比

Behavior that departs from the norms of a particular group or society.

越轨行为；偏离特定群体社会规范的行为

A dispersed population living outside an ancestral or former homeland while maintaining real or symbolic connections with it.

离散社群；居于祖籍地或原家园之外并保持联系的人群

Having fewer resources or opportunities than other people because of social or economic conditions.

处于不利地位的；资源或机会较少的

To force people to leave the place where they normally live.

使流离失所；迫使离开惯常居住地

Relating to the home, household, or family life.

家庭的；家务的；与居家生活有关的

To leave one's country of usual residence in order to live in another country.

移居国外；从原居住国迁出