คำศัพท์ TOEFL

The process through which people learn and negotiate the expectations, values, and practices of social life.

社会化；学习和理解社会期待、价值观与实践的过程

To teach someone the expectations, values, and behavior associated with participation in a society or group.

使社会化；使学习群体的规范与行为方式

Relating to the combined influence of people's social position and economic circumstances.

社会经济的；涉及社会地位与经济状况的

Concerned with social relationships, institutions, or patterns in society.

社会学的；从社会关系和制度角度分析的

The systematic study of social relationships, institutions, and patterns of life in human societies.

社会学

The arrangement of society into layers with unequal access to resources, power, or social standing.

社会分层；社会阶层化

A group within a wider society whose members share distinctive practices, interests, or values.

亚文化；较大社会内部具有独特实践、兴趣或价值观的群体

A strong social prohibition against a particular action, object, or topic within a group.

禁忌；群体对特定行为、事物或话题的强烈禁止

The estimated number of children a woman would have if she experienced a given period's age-specific birth rates throughout her reproductive years.

总和生育率；按特定时期各年龄生育水平估算的每名妇女生育子女数

Extending across national borders through connections, activities, or relationships.

跨国的；通过联系或活动跨越国界的

To bring people together, or join together, around a shared purpose or concern.

使团结；联合起来

Movement toward a higher social or economic position.

向上流动；社会或经济地位的提升

An increase in the proportion of a population living in towns and cities.

城镇化；城镇人口占总人口比例上升的过程

To become more urban in population or physical character, or make an area more urban.

使城镇化；变得更具城市人口或空间特征