คำศัพท์ TOEFL

inherited traditions and objects valued by a community

文化遗产

An approach that seeks to understand beliefs and practices within their own cultural context rather than imposing outside standards.

文化相对主义；在所属文化背景中理解观念与实践的方法

A developing pattern in the tastes, ideas, or practices shared within a society or group.

文化趋势；社会或群体共同的品味、观念或做法中逐渐形成的变化方向

The shared and changing beliefs, practices, knowledge, and forms of expression associated with a group.

文化；群体共享且不断变化的观念、实践、知识与表达形式

An examination covering material from across the course up to that point.

累积性考试；涵盖此前课程内容的考试

select and organize objects or artworks for a collection or exhibition

策划展览；为馆藏或展览挑选、组织并阐释作品或物件

professional who researches and organizes collections or exhibitions

策展人；负责馆藏研究、建设或展览组织的专业人员

A desire to learn about something or find out how it works.

好奇心；探究和了解事物的愿望

Wanting to learn about something or find out more.

好奇的；想进一步了解的

The organized set of subjects and courses taught within a program.

课程体系；课程设置

Usual or traditional within a particular group, place, or situation.

惯常的；习俗上的

relating to milk production or milk products

乳品的；产奶的

Facts or information collected for use, including information represented in a form that computers can process.

数据；供使用或分析的事实与信息，也包括计算机可处理的信息表示

An incident in which information is accessed or disclosed without authorization, or exposed to such access.

数据泄露事件；信息被未经授权地访问、披露，或暴露于此类访问的事件

The loss of stored information so that some or all of it is no longer available for use.

数据丢失；保存的信息部分或全部变得无法使用的情况

origin from which data come

数据来源；获取研究信息的人、记录、设备或系统

organized electronic collection of information

数据库

have existed since a particular past time

始于；可追溯到

The latest time by which assigned work must be completed or submitted.

作业截止时间；最后期限

to take action to manage a problem, responsibility, or situation

处理；应对

The number of deaths in a population over a period, usually expressed per thousand people per year.

死亡率；通常按每年每千人口死亡数计算

to discuss an issue by considering different or opposing arguments

辩论；讨论不同意见

To find and correct defects in a computer program.

调试；查找并修正程序缺陷

transfer decision-making powers away from central control

下放权力；实行分权

losing leaves during a regular season

落叶的；季节性落叶的

work out the meaning of difficult writing

辨读；破译

The process of choosing among possible actions or alternatives.

决策；在可能的行动或选项之间作出选择的过程

To officially tell an institution which subject one has chosen as the main field of study.

正式申报主修专业

to become lower, weaker, or less common over time

下降；衰退；减少