คำศัพท์ TOEFL

To create a device, method, or technology that did not previously exist.

发明；创造此前不存在的装置、方法或技术

A newly created device or method, or the act of creating something of this kind for the first time.

发明；新创造的装置或方法，也指首次创造它的行为

The delay involved in sending data or receiving a response across a connection.

延迟；数据传送或获取响应所需的等待时间

Computational methods that build or adjust models by finding patterns in data, rather than specifying every individual decision in advance.

机器学习；通过数据中的模式建立或调整模型的计算方法

A computer resource that holds data and instructions available for immediate processing.

内存；供计算机即时处理数据和指令的存储资源

Information that describes other data, such as when a file was created or how measurements were collected.

元数据；描述其他数据的内容、来源或组织方式的信息

A group of connected computing devices that can exchange data or share resources.

计算机网络；能够交换数据或共享资源的一组互联设备

A link that allows a device to communicate with other devices or services on a computer network.

网络连接；让设备通过计算机网络与其他设备或服务通信的连接

A computational model of connected units whose adjustable weights help transform inputs into outputs.

神经网络；通过相连计算单元及可调整权重处理信息的模型

The process or condition of becoming outdated and displaced by newer alternatives.

过时；被更新替代品取代而逐渐不再适用或普遍使用的过程或状态

No longer generally used or considered suitable because newer alternatives have replaced it.

过时的；因被较新替代品取代而不再普遍使用或被认为合适的

Describing software whose source code is available under a license allowing people to use, modify, and redistribute it.

开源的；源代码可获取，且许可证允许使用、修改和再分发的软件

The main software that manages a computer's resources and provides services needed by other programs.

操作系统；管理计算机资源并为其他程序提供服务的基础软件

Information or results produced by a computer system or program.

输出；计算机系统或程序产生的信息或结果

A unit of data sent across a computer network, with information used to handle or deliver it.

数据包；经计算机网络发送、附有处理或传送所需信息的数据单元

A legal right granted for an invention that allows its owner to prevent specified uses by others for a limited period.

专利；针对发明授予、让权利人在一定期限内阻止他人进行特定使用的法律权利

Information that relates to a person who is identified or can be identified from it, alone or with other information.

个人数据；与已识别或能够被识别的个人有关的信息

The condition of keeping personal life or information from unwanted observation, use, or disclosure.

隐私；个人生活或信息不受不愿接受的观察、使用或披露的状态

A computer component that executes instructions and performs operations on data.

处理器；执行指令并处理数据的计算机部件

To write or set instructions that tell a computer or programmable device how to perform a task.

编程；为计算机或可编程设备编写或设置指令

Able to have its operations set or changed through written or stored instructions.

可编程的；可通过指令设定或改变运行方式的

A set of rules that defines how computing systems exchange and interpret messages.

通信协议；规定计算系统如何交换和解释消息的一套规则

An early model or version of a product used to test ideas and improve the design before a final version.

原型；用于测试想法和改进设计、在最终版本之前制作的初步模型或版本

To restart a computer or its operating system.

重新启动；重启计算机或其操作系统

To recover saved digital information or return a computer system to a previous state.

恢复；找回保存的数字信息，或使计算机系统回到先前状态

A machine that performs physical tasks under programmed control and may use sensors to respond to its surroundings.

机器人；按程序执行实体任务、可利用传感器感知环境的机器

The field concerned with designing, building, and operating robots.

机器人学；研究机器人设计、制造和运行的领域

A device that forwards data between networks by choosing where packets should go next.

路由器；决定数据包下一步去向并在网络之间转发数据的设备

A device that detects a physical condition or change and produces a signal or reading.

传感器；检测物理状态或变化并产生信号或读数的装置