คำศัพท์ TOEFL

The loss of stored information so that some or all of it is no longer available for use.

数据丢失；保存的信息部分或全部变得无法使用的情况

An organized collection of related data treated as a unit for analysis or processing.

数据集；作为一个整体用于分析或处理的相关数据集合

To find and correct defects in a computer program.

调试；查找并修正程序缺陷

To convert encrypted information back into its readable form using the appropriate cryptographic method and key.

解密；利用适当的密码算法和密钥把加密信息恢复为可读形式

A piece of electronic equipment designed to perform a particular function.

设备；具有特定功能的电子装置

Using information represented as separate numerical values that electronic systems can store or process.

数字的；以离散数值表示和处理信息的

Communication in which messages are encoded as digital information and exchanged through electronic systems.

数字通信；通过电子系统交换数字编码信息的通信

The gap between people or groups in access to digital technology and the ability to use it effectively.

数字鸿沟；不同人群在获取数字技术及有效使用它的能力方面存在的差距

The trail of information left by a person's use of digital devices and services, including both deliberate posts and automatically collected records.

数字足迹；使用数字设备和服务留下的信息痕迹，包括主动发布内容和自动收集的记录

The ability to use digital tools to find, understand, evaluate, create, and communicate information safely and appropriately.

数字素养；安全、恰当地利用数字工具查找、理解、评价、创作和交流信息的能力

To convert material or information into a form that a computer can store and process.

将……数字化；转换成计算机可存储和处理的形式

To end a link between devices, systems, or a device and a network.

断开连接；终止设备或网络之间的连接

To transfer a file or other data from a remote computer or service to one's own device.

下载；将远程数据传到自己的设备

To transform data using a cryptographic method and key so that it is not readily readable without the appropriate decryption key.

加密；使用密码算法和密钥转换数据，使其无法在没有适当解密密钥时轻易读懂

The use of cryptographic methods and keys to transform information so that unauthorized readers cannot readily understand it.

加密；通过密码算法和密钥转换信息，以防未经授权者轻易读懂内容

A named collection of information stored and handled as one unit by a computer.

文件；计算机中按一个单位存储和处理的信息集合

A named location used to organize files and other folders on a computer or digital storage service.

文件夹；用于组织数字文件的位置

The physical equipment and components of a computer system, rather than its programs.

硬件；计算机系统的实体设备和部件

Supervision and review by people who can examine a system's operation and intervene when needed.

人工监督；由人检查系统运行并在需要时干预

To introduce new or significantly improved methods, products, or ways of doing something.

创新；引入新的或显著改进的方法、产品或做事方式

The introduction of a new or significantly improved product or method, or a particular improvement of this kind.

创新；引入新产品、新方法或显著改进的过程，也指具体的创新成果

Using or introducing new and original methods, designs, or ideas.

创新的；采用或引入新颖原创方法、设计或想法的

Data or instructions supplied to a computer system for processing.

输入；提供给计算机系统处理的数据或指令

To put software on a device and set it up so that it can be used.

安装；把软件设置到设备上以供使用

Communication through a service that delivers text messages with little delay and supports conversational exchanges.

即时通信；通过快速传递文字消息的服务进行交流

A point or method through which a person interacts with a computer system or two systems exchange information.

界面；接口；人与系统或系统之间交互的连接方式

The worldwide system of interconnected computer networks used to exchange information and provide many kinds of digital services.

互联网；全球互相连接的计算机网络体系

The ability of different systems or products to exchange information and use it together effectively.

互操作性；不同系统或产品能够交换信息并有效共同使用这些信息的能力

A network using internet technologies to provide information or services within an organization to authorized users.

内联网；利用互联网技术为组织内部获准用户提供信息或服务的网络