คำศัพท์ TOEFL

way a species uses resources and interacts with its environment

生态位

gradual change in the species making up a community

生态演替；群落演替

community interacting with its physical environment

生态系统

in serious danger of becoming extinct

濒危的

naturally found only within a particular area

（某地区）特有的

having green leaves throughout the year

常绿的

change in inherited traits across generations

进化

change genetically over successive generations

进化

permanent disappearance of a species

灭绝

joining of reproductive cells to begin a new organism

受精

sequence of organisms transferring energy through feeding

食物链

interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem

食物网

move around searching for food

觅食

fossil evidence of life through geological time

化石记录

organism such as a mushroom, mold, or yeast

真菌

unit of hereditary information in DNA

基因

all gene variants present in a population

基因库（种群中全部基因变体的总和）

chance-driven change in population gene frequencies

遗传漂变

genetic differences among members of a population

遗传变异；遗传差异

begin to grow from a seed

发芽；萌发

place and conditions where an organism normally lives

栖息地；生境

come out of an egg

孵出；破壳而出

animal whose diet consists mainly of plant material

植食动物；食草动物

passed from parents to offspring through genes

遗传的；通过遗传传递的

spend an extended period with greatly reduced activity and metabolism

冬眠

characteristic passed genetically from parents

遗传性状

introduced species whose spread causes harm

入侵物种；外来入侵物种

animal that lacks a backbone

无脊椎动物

immature animal with a form unlike the adult

幼虫；幼体