مفردات TOEFL

become suited to environmental conditions

（生物）适应

inherited feature improving survival or reproduction

适应性特征

animal such as a frog or salamander

两栖动物

living or growing in water

水生的；水栖的

reproduction without fusion of sex cells

无性生殖

one organism belonging to the bacteria

细菌（单数）

variety of genes, species, and ecosystems

生物多样性

reproduce and produce young

繁殖；生育后代

period when animals normally reproduce

繁殖季

appearance that makes an organism hard to notice

伪装；保护色

animal whose diet consists mainly of other animals

肉食动物

maximum population size an environment can sustain

环境容纳量；承载力

basic structural and functional unit of life

细胞

process in which one cell produces new cells

细胞分裂

boundary regulating movement into and out of a cell

细胞膜

green pigment involved in photosynthesis

叶绿素

cellular structure carrying genetic material

染色体

live in the same environment at the same time

共存

ancestral organism shared by different descendants

共同祖先

seek a limited resource also needed by other organisms

争夺（有限的资源）

visible or audible behavior used in attracting a mate

求偶展示；求偶行为展示

losing leaves during a regular season

落叶的；季节性落叶的

decay or cause organic material to break down

分解；腐烂

organism obtaining nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter

分解者

have an organism or group as an ancestor

由……传衍而来；是……的后代

develop into a greater variety of evolutionary forms

发生多样化；演化出多种类型

molecule that stores hereditary instructions

脱氧核糖核酸；DNA

gene variant expressed when paired with a recessive variant

显性等位基因

temporarily inactive while remaining alive

休眠的；暂时停止生长或活动的