مفردات TOEFL

as a group or with several parts considered together

集体地；合起来

Typical of informal conversation rather than formal speech or writing.

口语的；日常非正式交谈中常用的

control of a territory by an outside power

殖民统治

establish outside political control over a territory

殖民；在……建立殖民统治

territory controlled by a power based elsewhere

殖民地

visible difference between colors placed near each other

色彩对比；相邻色彩之间的明显差异

planned combination of colors used in a design

配色方案；设计中有计划使用的颜色组合

structural member carrying mainly axial compression

柱；承重柱

to bring two or more things together so that they form or work as a whole

结合；合并；使共同发挥作用

begin to control a government or state

上台；掌权

to think of and propose an idea, answer, or solution

想出；提出（办法或想法）

Entertainment designed to make people laugh, or a work created mainly for that purpose.

喜剧；以引人发笑为主要目的的娱乐形式或作品

honor the memory of a person or past event

纪念

A written response that a user adds to an online post, article, video, or discussion.

评论；用户针对在线帖子、文章、视频或讨论写下的回应

An advertisement presented in audio or video form, especially on radio, television, or an online service.

商业广告；以音频或视频形式呈现的广告，尤指广播、电视或网络广告

farming mainly to sell products

商品性农业；以销售农产品为主要目的的农业

formally request and usually pay for an artwork to be created

委托创作；通常付费请艺术家或设计师制作特定作品

ancestral organism shared by different descendants

共同祖先

Ideas, interests, or aims that people share despite other disagreements.

共同点；共同立场；人们虽有其他分歧但仍共享的观点、利益或目标

resource difficult to exclude users from and reduced by use

公共池塘资源；难以排除使用者且会因使用而减少的资源

Shared or used by members of a community or group.

公共共用的；群体共有的

To exchange information, ideas, or feelings, or make them known to others.

交流；沟通；向他人传达信息、观念或感受

The process of exchanging or transmitting information, ideas, and meaning between people or groups.

沟通；交流；人或群体之间交换或传递信息、观念和意义的过程

A group of people connected by where they live, shared interests, or a sense of belonging.

社区；因居住地、共同兴趣或归属感而联系的群体

A place that provides activities, services, and meeting space for people in a local area.

社区中心；为当地居民提供活动与聚会场所的设施

travel regularly between home and campus

通勤；往返

person who regularly travels between home and work or study

通勤者；定期往返住处与工作或学习地点的人

sufficiently alike in relevant respects to be compared meaningfully

可比的；在相关方面足够相似的

The ability to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another producer.

比较优势；相较另一生产者，能以更低机会成本生产商品或服务的能力