مفردات TOEFL

to disagree with or challenge a claim, conclusion, or statement of fact

反驳；对……提出异议；争辩

clearly different or separate from another thing

明确不同的；分开的

A difference used to distinguish categories or ideas.

区别；区分；用于分清类别或想法的差异

to recognize or show the difference between people or things

区分；辨别

to give or spread something among several people, places, or parts of a system

分发；分配；使分布

including a range of different kinds or characteristics

多样的；包含不同类型或特征的

to separate a whole into parts or groups

划分；分成若干部分或组

a question opening that asks, often politely, whether someone happens to know, have, or do something

你是否碰巧……；常用于委婉询问对方是否知道或拥有某物

Uncertainty about whether something is true, reliable, or likely to succeed.

疑虑；对某事是否真实、可靠或可能成功的不确定

Not convinced that something is true, possible, or likely to succeed.

怀疑的；不确信某事真实、可行或可能成功的

large and striking in its effect or extent

显著的；巨大的；引人注目的

to state or recognize a difference between ideas or categories that might otherwise be confused

作出区分；辨别差异

A disadvantage that reduces the attractiveness of an option.

缺点；不足；使某个选择不那么理想的不利之处

to make a short, informal visit to a person or place

顺便到访；短暂拜访

to take something to a place and leave it there for someone or for a stated purpose

送到并留下；顺便送交

caused by or happening because of the factor named afterward

由于；因为

A change produced by an action or condition.

影响；效果；某个行动或条件引起的变化

producing the result that was intended

有效的；能达到预期结果的

The degree to which intended results are achieved.

有效性；达到预期结果的程度

The extent to which time, energy, or other resources are used without waste.

效率；以较少浪费使用时间、精力或其他资源的程度

achieving a result without wasting time, effort, or resources

高效的；少浪费时间、精力或资源的

Physical or mental work directed toward a goal.

努力；为实现某个目标付出的体力或脑力工作

to explain an idea or statement in more detail

详细说明；进一步阐述

to remove something completely, especially something unwanted

消除；完全排除

to appear or become known after previously being hidden, unclear, or absent

出现；显现；逐渐为人所知

newly developing or becoming established or more widely recognized

新兴的；逐渐成形的

Special importance or attention given to something.

重点；强调；给予某事的特别重视或关注

to give special importance or attention to a point or make it especially clear

强调；着重指出

based on observation or experience rather than theory alone

实证的；以观察或经验为依据的