مفردات TOEFL

only if the stated condition is satisfied

只要；条件是

The reason for which something is done or used.

目的；某事被做或被使用的原因

To offer an idea, explanation, or proposal for others to consider.

提出；提供观点、解释或提议供他人考虑

Limited by conditions or reservations rather than expressed without restriction.

有所保留的；附有限定的；并非毫无限制地表达的

concerned with qualities or descriptions rather than numerical amounts

定性的；着重性质、描述而非数值的

The degree of excellence or suitability, not a countable attribute.

质量；品质；某事达到优秀或适用标准的程度

concerned with amounts or information expressed in numbers

定量的；用数值或数量表示的

an amount or number of something, especially when it can be measured or counted

数量；量

to express doubt about whether something is true, correct, or reasonable

质疑；对……表示怀疑

To bring a question or unresolved issue to someone's attention for consideration.

提出问题；将一个问题或待解决事项提出来供人考虑

chosen or occurring through chance rather than deliberate selection or arrangement

随机的；由机会决定而非人为安排的

a variety of different things of the same general kind

一系列；多种；范围

happening or moving at a fast rate

迅速的；快速的

not often or on very few occasions

很少；难得

instead of the alternative mentioned afterward

而不是；与其……不如

a relationship between two quantities expressed by comparing their amounts, often in the form of one number to another

比；比率

The main reason or connected reasons explaining why a choice, plan, or action makes sense.

基本理由；依据；说明某个选择、计划或行动为何合理的主要理由

To come to a shared general agreement within a group.

达成共识；在群体内部形成总体上的共同意见

A fact or explanation that accounts for an action or belief.

原因；理由；解释某项行动或支持某种看法的依据

fair or sensible in light of the circumstances and available information

合理的；符合情境、理由或公平考虑的

The process of using reasons and connections between ideas to reach a judgment or conclusion.

推理；通过理由及观点之间的联系得出判断或结论的过程

A response that tries to show why an argument, accusation, or claim is wrong or insufficient.

反驳；试图说明某个论证、指控或主张错误或不充分的回应

involving an action or relationship that works in both directions

相互回应的；双向的

to happen again, especially repeatedly or at intervals

再次发生；反复出现

to make an amount, size, degree, or extent smaller

减少；降低；缩小

to mention something or direct attention to it

提到；指向；引导注意

to improve an idea, method, or design through small, careful changes

改进；完善；作细致调整

to change a system or practice with the intention of improving it

改革；改进制度或做法

to show through evidence or reasoning that a claim or explanation is false

驳倒；证伪；证明……不成立