مفردات TOEFL

to have someone or something as a part of a larger group or whole

包括；包含

including the people or groups within the stated scope rather than excluding them

包容的；把所述范围内的人纳入的

to include something as a part of a larger whole

纳入；把……结合到整体中

to become greater in amount, number, or degree, or make something greater

增加；提高；使增加

made or achieved through small additions or steps

逐步增加的；渐进式的

used to emphasize a statement or add information that reinforces it

确实；的确；用于强调某个陈述或补充加强它的信息

not relying on another person, thing, or condition in the relevant respect

独立的；在相关方面不依赖其他因素的

to show that something exists, is true, or is likely

表明；显示

having a connection or effect through an intervening person, thing, or step

间接的；通过中间环节或他人发生的

considered separately rather than as part of a group

个别的；单独考虑的

certain to happen and not possible to avoid under the circumstances

不可避免的；必然发生的

to reach a conclusion using evidence or clues rather than a direct statement

推断；推论

A conclusion reached by reasoning from information or clues rather than by direct statement or observation.

推断；根据资料或线索进行推理，而非直接陈述或观察所得的结论

The power or effect of shaping how something develops or someone acts.

影响；塑造事物发展或个人行为的作用或力量

relaxed and not following strict official or social conventions

非正式的；不拘于严格正式惯例的

occurring at the beginning of a process, period, or sequence

最初的；初始的

at the beginning of a situation or process

最初；开始时

to cause an activity or process to begin

发起；启动；使开始

A new action or plan intended to improve a situation.

倡议；新举措；旨在改善某种情况的新行动或计划

to put something into an existing space, document, or sequence

插入；加入现有内容之间

a tendency to change unpredictably or fail to remain steady

不稳定；不稳定性

A particular example or occurrence.

实例；个别情况；某种现象的一次具体出现

in place of the person, thing, or action mentioned afterward

代替；而不是

to have a plan or purpose to do something

打算；意图

What someone plans or means to do.

意图；打算；某人计划或想要做的事

depending on one another rather than functioning wholly independently

相互依存的；彼此依赖的

existing or occurring within a particular group, system, or thing

内部的；存在或发生于所述范围之内的

A particular understanding or explanation of meaning.

解释；理解；对某种含义的特定认识或说明

to stop an activity temporarily or break its continuity

打断；中断