مفردات TOEFL

to bring something into use or into a particular setting for the first time

引入；推行；首次采用

to study a situation, question, or possible explanation systematically in order to discover facts

调查；研究；查明

to include something as a necessary part of an activity or situation

涉及；包括；需要

not possible to undo or return to a previous state under the relevant conditions

不可逆的；无法恢复原状的

An important matter for discussion or consideration.

议题；事项；值得讨论或考虑的重要问题

Used to introduce a conclusion or impression that appears reasonable but is not stated with certainty.

似乎；看来；用于引出看似合理但不完全确定的结论或印象

shared or carried out by two or more people or groups

共同的；由两方或多方一起进行的

A reason or explanation offered to show that a decision, action, or belief is reasonable.

正当理由；用于说明某个决定、行动或看法合理的理由或解释

to provide good reasons for a claim, decision, or action or show that it is reasonable

为……提供正当理由；论证……的合理性

to continue communicating with someone over a period of time

与……保持联系

to maintain the pace needed to follow changing information, work, or another person's progress

跟上；及时掌握

Information and understanding gained through learning or experience.

知识；通过学习或经验获得的信息和理解

used to introduce the final item in a list while emphasizing that it is also important

最后但同样重要的是；强调最后列出的一项也值得重视

to cause or contribute to a later result

导致；促成

to omit something or someone from what is included, whether deliberately or by mistake

遗漏；省略；未包括

smaller in amount or measure than the quantity stated afterward

少于；不足

Used to introduce an explanation intended to make the speaker's meaning more precise or easier to understand.

让我澄清一下；用于进一步解释，使自己的意思更准确或更易理解

to stop rising or falling and become relatively steady

趋于平稳；停止上升或下降

the chance that something will happen or be true

可能性

Expected to happen or be true, although not certain.

可能的；预期会发生或属实但并非确定的

in the same or a similar way

同样；也

to control how much of something there can be or how far it can extend

限制；限定数量、范围或程度

A restriction on what something can do or establish.

限制；局限；某事能够做到或说明的范围边界

restricted in amount, extent, or scope

有限的；受限制的

Following clear and reasonable connections between ideas, facts, or steps.

合乎逻辑的；观点、事实或步骤之间联系清楚合理的

to provide care for someone or keep something safe and in good condition

照料；照看；保管

to feel pleased about something expected in the future

期待；盼望

to investigate a matter in order to learn more about it

调查；了解；研究（某事）

for the most part or more than for other reasons or purposes

主要地；大多