مفردات TOEFL

exact and carefully defined, not necessarily true or correct

精确的；界定清楚的

with exact detail or careful accuracy about what is meant or measured

精确地；确切地

possible to expect or anticipate from known patterns or information

可预测的；可以预料的

A greater liking for one option than another.

偏好；相对于其他选项更喜欢某一事物的倾向

Happening or being decided too early, before sufficient information or preparation is available.

过早的；在信息、准备或时机尚不充分时作出的或发生的

A statement or idea used as a starting point in an argument or explanation.

前提；论证或解释中作为出发点的陈述或看法

to make someone or something ready for a particular activity or situation

准备；使做好准备

to give or show information, ideas, or results to an audience

呈现；展示；陈述

Used to present something as a reasonable assumption based on what is known, rather than as confirmed fact.

想必；据推测；根据已知情况提出合理但尚未证实的推断

common in a particular place, group, or period

普遍存在的；盛行的

to stop something unwanted from happening or stop someone from doing something

防止；阻止

before the time or event being discussed

此前；以前

mainly, especially in relation to a principal purpose, concern, or cause

主要地；首要地

more important or central than other things in the context

首要的；最主要的

a general rule or basic idea that guides reasoning, action, or the operation of something

原则；原理

before the time, event, or activity named afterward

在……之前

Something treated as more important or urgent than alternatives.

优先事项；比其他事情更重要或紧迫的事

Used to say that something is likely to happen or be true, but is not certain.

很可能；大概；表示某事很可能发生或属实，但并非确定

A difficulty that requires attention or a solution.

问题；需要关注或解决的困难

involving a difficulty that requires attention or makes success uncertain

有问题的；涉及需要处理的困难的

to continue an activity or move forward to its next stage

继续进行；进入下一阶段

a series of actions or changes through which something happens or develops

过程；流程

to move forward in development or through successive stages

进展；逐步发展；推进

movement through a series of stages or levels

进展过程；逐步发展；阶段推进

to make an activity or condition last longer

延长；使持续更久

A characteristic belonging to a thing or material, not ownership.

性质；属性；某个事物或材料所具有的特点

related to another quantity by a constant ratio in the situation being described

成比例的；与另一数量保持一定比率的

to put forward an idea, plan, or explanation for others to consider

提出；提议

to give or make available something that is needed or useful

提供；供给