مفردات TOEFL

not above the stated number or amount, sometimes emphasizing how small it is

不超过；至多；仅仅

used to say that something is still true despite what has just been said

尽管如此；仍然

used to say that something is not always true or does not inevitably follow

不一定；未必

many in number

众多的；许多的

A reason for opposing something, or an expression of that opposition.

反对意见；反对某事的理由或对这种反对的表达

based on facts rather than personal feelings or preferences

客观的；以事实而非个人偏好为依据的

A result that an activity is intended to achieve.

目标；某项活动打算达成的结果

Something one is required or expected to do.

义务；必须或被期待履行的事项

Something that makes progress toward a goal difficult.

障碍；使实现目标或取得进展变得困难的事物

to get something, often through effort or a formal process

获得；取得

sometimes, but not often

偶尔；有时

to happen or take place

发生；出现

to make something available for someone to accept, use, or consider

提供可选择的事物；提出供考虑

when a typical numerical value is calculated across the cases being considered

平均而言；按平均数计算

after considering the main advantages, disadvantages, and other relevant points

总的权衡下来；综合考虑

as the representative of another person or group

代表……

used to say that the opposite of an earlier statement or suggestion is true

恰恰相反；正相反

used to introduce a different or contrasting aspect of a situation

另一方面；不过

generally, after considering the situation's main features and allowing for exceptions

总的来说；大体上

at the arranged time or by the required deadline, without being late

准时；按时

as soon as, or from the time when, a specified event has happened

一旦；在……之后

individually and successively rather than all together

一次一个；逐一

continuing at the time being discussed and not yet finished

持续进行的；尚在进行的

only when the stated necessary condition is satisfied

只有在……的条件下；只有……才

A favorable chance to do something.

机会；有利于采取某项行动的时机或条件

best for a particular purpose under the stated conditions

最优的；在给定目标和条件下最合适的

One available choice among possible actions.

选项；可供选择的行动或办法

to arrange information, objects, or activities into an orderly structure

组织；有条理地安排

created through one's own ideas rather than copied from existing work

原创的；源于自身想法而非照搬的