مفردات TOEFL

the order and timing of past events

年代顺序；大事年表

internally generated roughly daily biological cycle

昼夜节律

To pass information or documents from person to person, or to make them pass in this way.

传阅；流传；使信息或文件在人与人之间传递

library service for borrowing and returning items

图书流通；借还服务

The number of copies of a newspaper or magazine distributed, usually measured for an issue or period.

发行量；报纸或杂志在某一期或某一时期发行的份数

A fact or condition surrounding an event or affecting a situation.

情况；条件；围绕某件事并影响局面的事实或因素

written reference identifying an information source

引文出处；文献引用

identify the source of information

引用；注明信息、证据或观点的来源

legal membership of a country with associated rights and duties

公民身份；国籍

central part of a city

市中心

independent state consisting of a city and nearby land

城邦

relating to citizens and their role in public life

公民的；公共事务的

participation in community and public affairs

公民参与；公共事务参与

basic freedoms protected against unjustified state interference

公民自由；基本自由

rights to equal legal treatment and participation in society

公民权利；平等民权

person employed in civilian government administration

公务员

large organized society with developed institutions

文明；文明社会

request and collect an item by proving ownership

认领

A statement presented as true that may require evidence or justification.

主张；断言；被提出为真实、可能需要证据或理由支持的陈述

to make the meaning or details of something clearer and easier to understand

澄清；说明清楚

The quality of being easy to understand.

清晰性；明晰性；容易理解的程度

A plan showing the classes a student takes and the times when they meet.

个人课表；上课时间安排

Learning in which a previously neutral cue comes to produce a response after being associated with a stimulus that already produces a response.

经典条件作用；原先中性的线索与已有刺激建立联系后也能引发反应的学习

to put people or things into groups according to shared features

将……分类；归类

A grammatical unit centered on a verb or predicate, usually containing a subject, that may form all or part of a sentence.

分句；以动词或谓语为中心、通常含有主语、可构成整个句子或句子一部分的语法单位

remove unwanted waste or contamination from an area

清理；清除污染

easy to understand because meaning or organization is not confusing

清楚易懂的；表达明白的

remove all or most trees from a defined area

皆伐；对一片区域的树木进行集中采伐

Software or a device that requests information or services from a server.

客户端；向服务器请求信息或服务的软件或设备