مفردات TOEFL

broad period when stone tools were central technologies

石器时代

implement made by shaping stone

石器；石制工具

study of layers and their relationships

地层学；地层研究

transfer of a throne or ruling position

王位继承；统治权承继

flat slab used as a writing surface

书写用泥板；石板

constructed place for burying the dead

墓；墓室

investigate how something first developed

追溯……的起源

regular path used to move goods between places

贸易路线；商路

crossing or connecting opposite sides of the Atlantic

横跨大西洋的；大西洋两岸之间的

estimating wood age by matching growth patterns

树轮测年；年轮测年

payment made to acknowledge a stronger ruler's power

贡品；贡赋

collective resistance against established authority

起义；反抗

person owing service and loyalty to a lord

封臣；附庸

information about past activity preserved in writing

书面记录