مفردات TOEFL

An intended result or purpose.

目标；意图；希望实现的结果或目的

how clean or polluted the air is

空气质量

A systematic pattern in a computer system's results that unfairly favors or disadvantages particular people or groups.

算法偏见；计算系统结果中对某些人或群体产生不公平影响的系统性倾向

immune reaction to normally harmless substance

过敏；过敏症

to assign a share of available resources to a particular purpose or recipient

分配；划拨

metallic material combining multiple elements

合金

An indirect reference to a known person, event, story, or work that adds meaning through association.

典故；通过联想增加含义的、对熟知人物、事件、故事或作品的间接引用

very close to a state, amount, or extent, but not quite reaching it

几乎；差一点

together with or in addition to another person or thing

连同；与……一起；表示一并包括或伴随

A set of letters, usually arranged in a conventional order, used to write the sounds of a language.

字母表；用于书写某种语言语音、通常按惯例排序的一套字母

to make something different or become different, without necessarily changing it completely

改变；改动

available as another possible choice instead of the usual or current one

可替代的；可作为另一选择的

One possible choice in place of another.

替代选择；可以用来代替另一选择的方案或事物

used to introduce another possible choice or way of doing something

或者；作为另一种选择

used to introduce a fact that makes the main statement seem surprising or less expected

虽然；尽管

vertical height above a reference level

海拔；高度

Concern for other people's welfare that motivates help without seeking a personal reward.

利他主义；不以个人回报为目的而关心和帮助他人

The possibility of more than one meaning or interpretation, or a particular instance of this.

歧义；存在多种含义或解释的可能性，或其具体实例

Open to more than one plausible meaning or interpretation.

有歧义的；可作不止一种合理解释的

formally change the wording of a law or document

修订；修正

a quantity of something considered as a mass rather than as separate countable items

数量；总量

animal such as a frog or salamander

两栖动物

maximum wave or oscillation departure from equilibrium

振幅

similar in a relevant relationship or structure though different in other ways

类似的；在相关关系或结构上相似的

systematic examination of information

分析；为理解数据或证据的组成、模式或含义而进行的系统考察

examining parts carefully to understand relationships or causes

分析性的；细致考察各部分及其关系的

sensitive laboratory instrument for measuring mass

分析天平

examine data to understand it

分析；系统考察信息以找出关系、模式或含义

A tendency to rely too heavily on an initial value or piece of information when making a judgment.

锚定偏差；判断时过度依赖最初数值或信息的倾向