مفردات TOEFL

substance that can donate a proton

酸

energy barrier associated with a reaction pathway

活化能

sensitive laboratory instrument for measuring mass

分析天平

having water as the solvent

水溶液的；水溶的

smallest unit retaining identity of element

原子

number of protons in an atomic nucleus

原子序数

substance that can accept a proton

碱；质子受体

wide mouthed laboratory container

烧杯

temperature where vapor pressure matches external pressure

沸点

likely to break with little bending

脆的；易碎裂的

establish measurement relation using reference standards

校准

relationship between instrument readings and reference values

校准；校准过程

substance increasing reaction rate without net consumption

催化剂

increase reaction rate by acting as catalyst

催化

inorganic nonmetallic material often processed with heat

陶瓷材料；陶瓷

interaction holding atoms or ions together

化学键

symbolic representation of chemical composition

化学式

transformation of substances into different substances

化学反应

layer applied to modify a surface

涂层；覆盖层

material combining distinct constituent materials

复合材料

substance with different elements chemically combined

化合物

amount of component relative to quantity of mixture

浓度

damage material through chemical interaction with environment

腐蚀；受到腐蚀

chemical or electrochemical deterioration of material

腐蚀

able to damage material or tissue by chemical action

有腐蚀性的

bond involving shared electron pairs

共价键

mass per unit volume of material

密度

decrease concentration by adding solvent

稀释

process of reducing solution concentration

稀释；稀释过程