مفردات TOEFL

declining ocean pH as seawater takes up carbon dioxide

海洋酸化

large-scale flow of seawater in a particular direction

洋流

use a resource faster than it can recover or remain available

过度开发；过度利用

ground staying at or below freezing for at least two consecutive years

多年冻土

allowing fluid to move through connected spaces

可渗透的；透水的

reduce fossil fuel use progressively until it ends

逐步淘汰化石燃料；逐步停止使用化石燃料

zone where tectonic plates meet

板块边界

substance that contaminates air, water, or land

污染物

harmful substances or energy introduced into the environment

污染

water falling to the surface as rain, snow, or other forms

降水

wind direction occurring most often in a location

盛行风

geographical area set aside to protect natural features

保护区

add water to an aquifer or saturated groundwater system

补给（地下水或含水层）

process used materials so they can be used again

回收利用；再生利用

restoring forest cover where forest existed before

重新造林；森林恢复

able to be replenished naturally within a useful timescale

可再生的

return damaged wetlands toward a functioning natural condition

修复湿地

have a glacier's front shift backward as ice loss exceeds advance

（冰川前缘）退缩

use an item again for the same or a new purpose

重复使用；再次利用

water moving over the surface toward streams or other outlets

地表径流

amount of dissolved salts in water

盐度

height of the sea surface used to describe coastal water levels or elevation

海平面

loose material transported or deposited by water, wind, or ice

沉积物

rock formed by sediment accumulation or mineral deposition

沉积岩

remove carbon from circulation and hold it in storage

封存；固存（碳）

wastewater carrying human waste from buildings

生活污水；污水

haze formed by pollutants in the air

烟雾；污染烟雾

able to continue without undermining the natural resources it depends on

可持续的

large moving section of Earth's rigid outer layer

构造板块