مفردات TOEFL

upper covering formed by a plant community's leaves

叶冠层；树叶形成的上层覆盖

successive stages in an organism's development and reproduction

生命周期；生活史

animal of the class whose females produce milk

哺乳动物

join with another animal for sexual reproduction

交配

transformation from an immature form into a different adult form

变态发育

organism too small to see without magnification

微生物

move regularly between habitats or regions

迁徙

regular seasonal movement between habitats

动物迁徙

made up of many cells

多细胞的

change in an organism's DNA sequence

突变；DNA 序列变化

species occurring naturally in a particular area

本地物种；原生物种

spread of advantageous inherited traits

自然选择

sweet plant secretion that attracts feeding animals

花蜜；植物分泌的甜液

active mainly during the night

夜行性的；主要在夜间活动的

cell structure containing most genetic material

细胞核

circulation of nutrients through organisms and their surroundings

养分循环；营养物质循环

young produced by an organism

后代；幼体

animal that eats both plant and animal food

杂食动物

individual living thing

生物；有机体

organism that obtains resources from and harms a host

寄生生物；寄生虫

use of light energy to produce sugars

光合作用

fine grains involved in seed-plant reproduction

花粉

transfer pollen so a flower can be fertilized

给……授粉；传粉

transfer of pollen enabling fertilization

授粉；传粉

number of organisms within a unit of space

种群密度；人口密度

animal that captures other animals for food

捕食者；捕食性动物

animal or animals hunted and eaten by a predator

猎物；被捕食的动物

gene variant whose trait effect is masked by a dominant variant

隐性等位基因

free nutrients for use by other organisms

释放养分