مفردات TOEFL

Learning that involves students in thinking, discussing, or solving problems rather than only receiving information.

主动学习；积极参与式学习

To add notes to a text or image to explain, question, or comment on it.

作批注；添加注释

The process of judging a learner's knowledge or skills, or an activity used to make that judgment.

学习评价；测评；评估学习知识或技能的过程或活动

A piece of work that a teacher asks students to complete.

作业；课程任务

Allowing learners and instructors to take part at different times.

异步的；不要求同时在线参与的

To be present at a class, lecture, or other organized learning session.

出席；上课；参加学习活动

The act or record of being present at scheduled classes or learning sessions.

出勤；到课情况

To generate a range of ideas before choosing which ones to develop.

集思广益；集中提出初步想法

A separate virtual space within an online meeting where a smaller group can talk or work together.

线上分组讨论室；在线会议中供小组单独交流的空间

To do work that was missed so that progress reaches the expected level again.

补上落下的学习或工作；赶上进度

To break the rules of a test or assignment in order to gain an unfair advantage.

作弊；通过违反考试或作业规则获得不公平优势

Not allowing students to consult books or notes during an assessment.

闭卷的

To work with other people to complete a shared task.

合作；共同完成任务

Involving people working together toward a shared goal.

合作式的；协作的

Understanding the meaning of information that is read or heard.

阅读或听力理解

Intended to help improve something through useful suggestions or practical criticism.

建设性的；有助于改进的

A change made to remove an error in a learner's work.

订正；纠错

The work students complete during a course, often assessed separately from final examinations.

课程作业；平时课程任务

To study intensively in a short period just before an examination.

考前临时突击学习

A detailed evaluation that discusses the strengths and weaknesses of a piece of work.

评析；评论性评价

An examination covering material from across the course up to that point.

累积性考试；涵盖此前课程内容的考试

An assessment used to identify a learner's existing knowledge, strengths, and difficulties.

诊断性测评；用于了解学习基础和困难的测评

An online space where people post written messages and reply to one another.

在线讨论区；可发布消息并回复他人的网络空间

A substantial piece of research writing submitted as part of the requirements for an academic degree.

学位论文；较长的研究论文

An unfinished version of a piece of writing that can still be changed.

草稿；初稿

The date by which an assignment or other required work must be completed or submitted.

截止日期；作业等必须完成或提交的日期

A structured piece of writing that develops ideas about a particular subject.

论说文；课程论文

A question that requires an extended written answer explaining or discussing a topic.

论述题；需要较长篇幅解释或讨论的题目

A formal test of a learner's knowledge or ability.

考试；正式测验