مفردات TOEFL

Learning that involves students in thinking, discussing, or solving problems rather than only receiving information.

主动学习；积极参与式学习

To add notes to a text or image to explain, question, or comment on it.

作批注；添加注释

The process of judging a learner's knowledge or skills, or an activity used to make that judgment.

学习评价；测评；评估学习知识或技能的过程或活动

Allowing learners and instructors to take part at different times.

异步的；不要求同时在线参与的

To be present at a class, lecture, or other organized learning session.

出席；上课；参加学习活动

The act or record of being present at scheduled classes or learning sessions.

出勤；到课情况

To generate a range of ideas before choosing which ones to develop.

集思广益；集中提出初步想法

A separate virtual space within an online meeting where a smaller group can talk or work together.

线上分组讨论室；在线会议中供小组单独交流的空间

To do work that was missed so that progress reaches the expected level again.

补上落下的学习或工作；赶上进度

To break the rules of a test or assignment in order to gain an unfair advantage.

作弊；通过违反考试或作业规则获得不公平优势

Not allowing students to consult books or notes during an assessment.

闭卷的

To work with other people to complete a shared task.

合作；共同完成任务

Involving people working together toward a shared goal.

合作式的；协作的

Understanding the meaning of information that is read or heard.

阅读或听力理解

Intended to help improve something through useful suggestions or practical criticism.

建设性的；有助于改进的

A change made to remove an error in a learner's work.

订正；纠错

The work students complete during a course, often assessed separately from final examinations.

课程作业；平时课程任务

To study intensively in a short period just before an examination.

考前临时突击学习

A detailed evaluation that discusses the strengths and weaknesses of a piece of work.

评析；评论性评价

An examination covering material from across the course up to that point.

累积性考试；涵盖此前课程内容的考试

The latest time by which assigned work must be completed or submitted.

作业截止时间；最后期限

An assessment used to identify a learner's existing knowledge, strengths, and difficulties.

诊断性测评；用于了解学习基础和困难的测评

An online space where people post written messages and reply to one another.

在线讨论区；可发布消息并回复他人的网络空间

A substantial piece of research writing submitted as part of the requirements for an academic degree.

学位论文；较长的研究论文

An unfinished version of a piece of writing that can still be changed.

草稿；初稿

The date by which an assignment or other required work must be completed or submitted.

截止日期；作业等必须完成或提交的日期

A structured piece of writing that develops ideas about a particular subject.

论说文；课程论文

A question that requires an extended written answer explaining or discussing a topic.

论述题；需要较长篇幅解释或讨论的题目

A formal test of a learner's knowledge or ability.

考试；正式测验