托福詞彙

Poetry that does not follow a fixed regular meter and allows flexible line lengths and sound patterns.

自由詩；不遵循固定規律的格律，詩行長度與聲音模式較有彈性的詩歌

A category of literary or other artistic work with recognizable conventions of form, subject, or style.

體裁；在形式、題材或風格上具有可辨識慣例的作品類別

The patterns and rules by which a language forms words, phrases, and sentences.

文法；語言構成詞、片語與句子的規則和模式

Following the structural rules of a particular language or language variety.

合乎文法的；符合某種語言或語言變體結構規則的

A system of noun classes reflected in agreement with other words, often labeled masculine, feminine, or neuter.

文法性；透過與其他詞的一致關係表現的名詞分類系統，類別常稱為陽性、陰性或中性

A language connected with a person's family or community background that differs from the dominant language of the surrounding society.

傳承語；與個人家庭或社群背景相關，且不同於周圍社會主導語言的語言

An established expression whose overall meaning cannot be reliably worked out from its individual words alone.

慣用語；無法僅憑各個詞的字面意思可靠推知整體含義的固定表達

To change a word's form to express grammatical information such as tense, number, or case.

使詞發生屈折變化；藉詞形改變表達時態、數或格等文法資訊

The pattern of rising and falling voice pitch across a spoken phrase or sentence.

語調；口說片語或句子中音高升降的模式

A system of words or signs and rules that people use to communicate and express thought.

語言；人們用來溝通與表達思想的詞語或符號，以及相關規則所構成的系統

The process through which a person develops knowledge and use of a language.

語言習得；逐步掌握並使用一種語言的過程

Interaction between speakers or communities using different languages, which can influence their language use.

語言接觸；使用不同語言的人或社群之間，可能影響語言使用的互動

A group of languages understood to have developed from a common ancestral language.

語系；被認為源自同一祖語的一組語言

Relating to language, its structure and use, or the study of language.

語言的；語言學的

The systematic scientific study of human language, including its structure, use, development, and variation.

語言學；系統性研究人類語言結構、使用、發展與變異的學科

Using the basic or direct meaning of words rather than a figurative interpretation.

字面的；本義的；非比喻義的

Connected with literature or the ways in which literary works are written and studied.

文學的；與文學創作或研究有關的

Written or oral works valued as artistic expression, such as novels, poems, and traditional stories.

文學；具有藝術表現價值的書面或口述作品

A word adopted into one language from another, often with changes in pronunciation, spelling, or use.

外來詞；從其他語言借入，發音、拼寫或用法可能有所變化的詞

Using written signs that represent words or morphemes rather than only individual speech sounds.

語素文字的；使用代表詞或語素，而不只是單一語音的書寫符號的

An expression that describes one thing as another to suggest a similarity rather than a literal identity.

隱喻；將一種事物說成另一種事物，以暗示相似之處的表達

An organized rhythmic pattern in verse, often based in English on arrangements of stressed and unstressed syllables.

格律；詩歌中有組織的節奏模式，英語中常以重讀和非重讀音節的排列為基礎

Two words in a language that differ in only one speech sound in the same position and have different meanings.

最小對立組；同一語言中，僅在相同位置的一個語音不同，且意義也不同的一對詞

Able to use only one language, or involving only one language.

單語的；只使用或涉及一種語言的

The smallest language unit that pairs a form with meaning or a grammatical function.

語素；結合形式與意義或文法功能的最小語言單位

The study or system of word structure, including the meaningful parts from which words are formed.

形態學；研究詞的結構及其有意義構成部分的學科，或詞形構成的體系

Able to use several languages, or involving the use of several languages.

多語的；能使用多種語言的；涉及多種語言的

To tell a story or describe a connected sequence of events.

敘述；講述一連串相互關聯的事件

A connected account of events presented as a story, whether invented or based on experience.

敘事；以故事形式呈現、相互連貫的事件描述