托福詞彙

A good or service that buyers can use instead of another to meet a similar need.

替代品；能取代另一項商品或服務、滿足相近需求的事物

The relationship between prices and the quantities of a good or service that sellers are willing and able to offer during a given period.

供給；一定期間內，各種價格與賣方願意且能夠提供的數量之間的關係

A market situation in which the quantity sellers offer exceeds the quantity buyers want and can purchase at the stated price.

過剩；既定價格下的供給量超過需求量

A tax charged on goods crossing a national border, most commonly on imports.

關稅；對跨越國境的商品課徵的稅，最常見於進口商品

The buying, selling, or exchange of goods and services, particularly between regions or countries.

貿易；商品與服務的買賣或交換，尤其指地區或國家之間的交易

An excess of the value of a country's imports over its exports for the stated goods or services coverage and period.

貿易逆差；在指定的商品或服務統計範圍與期間內，進口額超過出口額

Without work for pay or profit, available to work, and actively seeking work in the standard labor-statistics sense.

失業的；依一般勞動統計定義，沒有工作、能夠工作且積極求職的

The condition of people being without work while available for and seeking jobs, or its extent in an economy.

失業；能夠工作且正在求職卻沒有工作的狀況，或其在經濟體中的程度

A cost that changes as the quantity of goods or services produced changes.

變動成本；隨商品或服務產量改變而變動的成本

Payment for work, often calculated by the hour or day and paid at regular intervals.

工資；通常按小時或天數計算，並定期支付的工作報酬

Relating to selling goods mainly to retailers or other businesses rather than directly to individual consumers.

批發的；主要向零售商或其他企業，而非個別消費者銷售商品的

The people working for a particular organization or in a particular area or activity.

工作人力；在某機構、地區或產業工作的人員