托福詞彙

A market state in which the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded at the prevailing price.

均衡；目前價格下，供給量與需求量相等的市場狀態

To sell or send goods or services to another country.

出口；向其他國家銷售或運送商品、服務

A cost that does not change with the amount produced over the relevant short period and operating range.

固定成本；在相關短期與營運範圍內，不隨產量改變的成本

An arrangement allowing some choice about when work begins, ends, or is scheduled, within agreed requirements.

彈性工時；在約定要求內，能對上班、下班或排定的工時作出一定選擇的安排

International exchange conducted with few or no government barriers such as tariffs or import quotas.

自由貿易；政府設置的關稅、進口配額等障礙較少或不存在的國際交換

The total value of final goods and services produced within an economy's territory during a specified period.

國內生產毛額；一定期間內，在某經濟體境內生產的最終商品與服務的總價值

To select and employ someone for paid work.

聘用；選定並僱用某人從事有薪工作

To buy or bring goods or services from another country for use or sale domestically.

進口；從其他國家購買或引進商品、服務，供國內使用或銷售

A sustained increase in the general level of prices across an economy.

通貨膨脹；經濟體整體物價水準持續上漲

A resource used in producing goods or services, such as labor, materials, energy, or equipment.

投入要素；生產商品或服務所使用的人力、材料、能源或設備等資源

Interest charged or paid over a stated period, expressed as a percentage of the amount borrowed or deposited.

利率；一定期間內，利息占借款或存款金額的百分比

Spending that creates or adds to capital goods, buildings, or inventories in the economic production sense.

投資；在經濟生產意義上，用於新建或增加資本財、建築物或存貨的支出

The degree of confidence that a person can keep their job and avoid involuntary loss of employment.

工作保障；相信自己能保住工作、避免非自願失業的程度

A paid position that is available for someone to fill.

職缺；可供人應徵、尚待補足的有薪職位

The physical or mental work people contribute to producing goods and services.

勞動；人們為生產商品與服務投入的體力或腦力工作

An organization of workers that represents their shared interests in dealings with employers.

工會；與雇主交涉時代表勞工共同利益的組織

The work of directing an organization's activities, or the people responsible for doing so.

管理；指導機構活動的工作，或負責這項工作的人員

Relating to the responsibilities or skills involved in directing a business or supervising its work.

管理的；與經營企業或監督工作所需職責、技能有關的

To make goods, usually in substantial quantities with machinery and an organized process.

製造；通常運用機器與有組織的流程，大量生產商品

An arrangement through which buyers and sellers exchange a particular type of good or service.

市場；買賣雙方交換某類商品或服務的體系

A firm's sales as a proportion of total sales in a specified market during a given period.

市場占有率；一定期間內，企業銷售額或銷售量占特定市場總額或總量的比例

To combine two or more businesses into one organization.

合併；把兩家或多家企業組成一個組織

The combination of previously separate businesses into one organization.

合併；原本各自獨立的企業結合成一個組織

The lowest rate of pay legally permitted for workers covered by a particular wage rule.

最低工資；適用某項工資規定的勞工，依法可領取的最低報酬標準

A market arrangement in which one seller supplies a product with no close substitutes and faces barriers protecting its position.

獨占；由單一賣方提供缺乏近似替代品的產品，並受進入障礙保護的市場結構

To discuss terms with another party in order to reach an agreement, especially about work or business.

談判；協商；與另一方討論工作或商業條件，以達成協議

A market dominated by a small number of large sellers whose decisions affect one another.

寡占；由少數大型賣方主導、各家決策相互影響的市場結構

The value of the best alternative that must be given up when a choice is made.

機會成本；作出選擇時，所放棄的最佳替代方案的價值

The goods or services produced by a firm, industry, or economy, or their quantity over a period.

產出；企業、產業或經濟體生產的商品、服務及其數量