托福詞彙

required to explain official decisions and accept responsibility

須負責的；須接受問責的

formally find a defendant not guilty

宣判無罪

formally decide a dispute or legal issue

裁決；審理並作出判決

formally change the wording of a law or document

修訂；修正

dispute resolution through a decision by a selected third party

仲裁

concentrating political power and restricting opposition

威權的；專制的

able to govern or make decisions without direct outside control

自治的；自主的

paper or electronic form used to record a vote

選票

proposed law submitted for legislative consideration

法案

group of senior government ministers

內閣

organized effort to win support in an election

競選活動；選舉宣傳活動

arrangements allowing institutions to limit one another's powers

制衡機制；相互制約

legal membership of a country with associated rights and duties

公民身分；國籍

relating to citizens and their role in public life

公民的；公共事務的

participation in community and public affairs

公民參與；參與公共事務

basic freedoms protected against unjustified state interference

公民自由；基本自由

rights to equal legal treatment and participation in society

公民權利；平等民權

person employed in civilian government administration

公務員

alliance of political groups working together

聯盟；聯合執政聯盟

district whose voters elect a representative

選區

fundamental rules organizing a state and public authority

憲法；憲政體制

formal change to a constitution

憲法修正案；修憲

formally find someone guilty of a criminal offense

判定有罪

official direction issued by a court

法院命令；法院裁定

transfer decision-making powers away from central control

下放權力；實行分權

person or organization facing a legal case

被告

political system in which the people exercise governing authority

民主；民主政體

unjust unequal treatment based on group characteristics

歧視；不公平的差別待遇

legally required fair procedures for government actions affecting protected interests

正當法律程序