托福詞彙

government department responsible for a policy area

政府的部；部會

legal process of acquiring citizenship after birth

歸化；入籍

formally propose a person for a position or election

提名；推薦為候選人

law made by a local government

地方法規；市政條例

supervision and scrutiny of official activities

監督；監管

national lawmaking assembly in parliamentary systems

議會；國會

official document authorizing a particular activity

許可證；許可

formally request action from an authority

請願；正式請求

limited initial program used to assess a proposed approach

試辦計畫

person or organization bringing a civil lawsuit

原告

tool used by government to pursue a policy objective

政策工具

earlier court decision guiding later similar cases

判例；先例

requirement to treat an accused person as innocent until guilt is proved

無罪推定

relating to the steps required to make an official decision

程序上的；程序性的

electoral arrangements linking seats to vote share

比例代表制

bring and pursue a criminal case against someone

起訴；提起並進行刑事訴訟

organization and operation of government services and policies

公共行政；公共管理

process of seeking people's views before a public decision

公眾諮詢；徵詢公眾意見

money spent by government on services and other purposes

公共支出；財政支出

open official meeting for receiving statements on an issue

公開聽證會

welfare or benefit of the community as a whole

公共利益

money received by government

公共收入；財政收入

service provided for the benefit of a community

公共服務

organization supplying an essential service to the public

公用事業機構

formally approve an agreement or constitutional change

批准；正式認可

direct vote by the electorate on a particular proposal

公民投票；全民公決

complete the required process to enter a voter register

登記成為選民；辦理選民登記

official rule controlling an activity

規章；管理規定

public body responsible for rules in a particular activity

監管機關