托福詞彙

sharing of practices and ideas between communities

文化交流

have existed since a particular past time

始於；可追溯至

work out the meaning of difficult writing

辨讀；解讀；破譯

relating to a ruling family and its continuity

王朝的；統治家族的

succession of rulers from the same family

王朝；朝代

release from slavery or comparable legal restrictions

解放；脫離奴役或法律束縛

territories controlled by a central ruling power

帝國

systematically dig to expose archaeological remains

發掘；挖掘

gradually lose strength or prosperity

逐漸衰落

historical organization through land and personal obligations

封建制度

strongly defended military building or place

要塞；堡壘

custom followed in caring for and burying the dead

喪葬習俗

troops stationed to defend a particular place

駐軍；衛戍部隊

objects placed with a dead person at burial

陪葬品；隨葬品

person expected or entitled to inherit a title or property

繼承人

passed within a family by inheritance

世襲的；繼承的

person who researches and writes about the past

歷史學家；歷史研究者

description or explanation of past events

歷史敘述；歷史記述

conditions of a period that help explain an event

歷史背景

relating to an empire or its ruler

帝國的；皇帝的

major shift toward machine production and factories

工業革命

soldiers trained to fight on foot

步兵

words cut or written on a lasting surface

銘文；刻文

belonging to the period between two wars

兩次戰爭之間的；兩次世界大戰之間的

regional period marked by widespread iron use

鐵器時代

state ruled by a king or queen

王國

aristocratic class whose status rests on landholding

土地貴族

free people or a place from oppressive control

解放；使擺脫壓迫或占領

physical objects and spaces associated with a society

物質文化