托福詞彙

internally generated roughly daily biological cycle

晝夜節律；日夜節律

To pass information or documents from person to person, or to make them pass in this way.

傳閱；流傳；使資訊或文件在人與人之間傳遞

library service for borrowing and returning items

圖書流通；借還服務

The number of copies of a newspaper or magazine distributed, usually measured for an issue or period.

發行量；報紙或雜誌在某一期或某段期間發行的份數

A fact or condition surrounding an event or affecting a situation.

情況；條件；與某事件有關或影響局面的事實或因素

written reference identifying an information source

引文出處；文獻引用

identify the source of information

引用；標明資訊、證據或想法的來源

legal membership of a country with associated rights and duties

公民身分；國籍

central part of a city

市中心

independent state consisting of a city and nearby land

城邦

relating to citizens and their role in public life

公民的；公共事務的

participation in community and public affairs

公民參與；參與公共事務

basic freedoms protected against unjustified state interference

公民自由；基本自由

rights to equal legal treatment and participation in society

公民權利；平等民權

person employed in civilian government administration

公務員

large organized society with developed institutions

文明；文明社會

request and collect an item by proving ownership

認領

A statement presented as true that may require evidence or justification.

主張；斷言；被提出為真實、可能需要證據或理由支持的陳述

to make the meaning or details of something clearer and easier to understand

釐清；說明清楚

The quality of being easy to understand.

清晰度；清楚易懂的程度

A plan showing the classes a student takes and the times when they meet.

個人課表；上課時間安排

Learning in which a previously neutral cue comes to produce a response after being associated with a stimulus that already produces a response.

古典制約；原本中性的線索與本來就能引發反應的刺激建立關聯後，也能引發反應的學習歷程

to put people or things into groups according to shared features

分類；歸類

A grammatical unit centered on a verb or predicate, usually containing a subject, that may form all or part of a sentence.

子句；以動詞或述語為中心、通常含有主詞，可構成整個句子或句子一部分的文法單位

very fine soil material

黏土；土壤中的黏粒物質

remove unwanted waste or contamination from an area

清理；清除污染

easy to understand because meaning or organization is not confusing

清楚易懂的；表達明白的

remove all or most trees from a defined area

皆伐；一次採伐指定區域內全部或大部分樹木

Software or a device that requests information or services from a server.

用戶端；向伺服器請求資訊或服務的軟體或裝置