托福詞彙

formally give up a throne

退位

formally end a law practice or institution

廢除；廢止

formally take a territory into another state

兼併；吞併

the ancient past especially classical civilizations

古代；古典時代

distinct deposit preserving traces of past activity

考古地層

place preserving evidence of past human activity

考古遺址

study of past societies through physical remains

考古學

collection of preserved historical records

檔案庫；典藏檔案

agreement to stop fighting

停戰協定；停戰

object made or modified by people in the past

人工製品；文物

surround a defended place to force surrender

圍攻；圍困

regional period marked by widespread bronze use

青銅時代

raised earth covering one or more graves

墓塚；墳丘

place where dead people were buried

墓葬地點；埋葬地

group traveling together with pack animals or vehicles

商隊；結伴旅行的隊伍

soldiers trained to fight while mounted on horses

騎兵

government directed from a single central authority

中央集權統治

arranged in the order events happened

按時間順序排列的

the order and timing of past events

年代順序；大事年表

independent state consisting of a city and nearby land

城邦

large organized society with developed institutions

文明；文明社會

coins issued or used by a state or community

鑄幣；流通硬幣

control of a territory by an outside power

殖民統治

establish outside political control over a territory

殖民；在……建立殖民統治

territory controlled by a power based elsewhere

殖民地

begin to control a government or state

上台；掌權

honor the memory of a person or past event

紀念

take control of a place through military force

征服；攻占

ceremony formally crowning a ruler

加冕典禮