托福詞彙

Changes in cultural practices or understandings that arise through sustained contact between cultural groups.

涵化；文化群體持續接觸所引起的文化實踐或理解上的變化

The distribution of people among different age groups in a population.

年齡結構；人口在不同年齡層的分布

A population in which older people make up an increasing share of the total.

高齡化人口；年長者占總人口比例持續增加的人口

The study of humans, including their cultures, biological development, and ways of life across time and place.

人類學

To become more similar to a surrounding cultural group by adopting its practices or ways of life.

同化；採納周遭文化群體的做法或生活方式，而變得更相似

Connected with, or participating in, two cultural traditions or ways of life.

雙文化的；與兩種文化傳統或生活方式相連，或參與其中的

The number of live births in a population over a period, usually expressed per thousand people per year.

出生率；通常以每年每千人口的活產數計算

A person whose earnings provide the main financial support for a household or family.

家庭經濟支柱；提供家庭主要收入的人

An official effort to count an entire population and collect information about its characteristics.

人口普查；官方對全體人口進行計數，並蒐集人口特徵資訊的調查

Intended to help people in need or support a public-benefit cause.

慈善的；旨在幫助有需要的人，或支持公益目標的

To live together as partners in an intimate relationship without being married to each other.

同居；未彼此結婚的伴侶共同生活

Shared or used by members of a community or group.

共用的；由社區或群體成員共同使用的

A group of people connected by where they live, shared interests, or a sense of belonging.

社區；社群；因居住地、共同興趣或歸屬感而連結的群體

An established way of behaving that people generally accept within a group or setting.

慣例；群體或特定場合普遍接受、約定俗成的行為方式

Relating to a group's beliefs, practices, knowledge, or forms of expression.

文化的；與群體的信念、實踐方式、知識或表達形式有關的

An approach that seeks to understand beliefs and practices within their own cultural context rather than imposing outside standards.

文化相對主義；在信念與實踐所屬的文化脈絡中理解它們，而不強加外部標準的方法

The shared and changing beliefs, practices, knowledge, and forms of expression associated with a group.

文化；群體共享且持續變化的信念、實踐方式、知識與表達形式

Usual or traditional within a particular group, place, or situation.

慣常的；符合特定群體、地方或情境之習俗的

The number of deaths in a population over a period, usually expressed per thousand people per year.

死亡率；通常以每年每千人口的死亡數計算

Relating to the size, composition, distribution, or change of a human population.

人口統計的；與人口規模、組成、分布或變化有關的

A long-term shift in a population from generally high birth and death rates to generally low ones.

人口轉型；出生率與死亡率從普遍偏高轉為普遍偏低的長期過程

The study of human populations, including their size, composition, distribution, and changes through births, deaths, and migration.

人口學

An age-based ratio comparing people outside a defined working-age range with those within that range.

扶養比；非工作年齡人口與工作年齡人口的比率

Behavior that departs from the norms of a particular group or society.

偏差行為；偏離特定群體或社會規範的行為

A dispersed population living outside an ancestral or former homeland while maintaining real or symbolic connections with it.

離散社群；居住在祖籍地或原家園之外，仍與其保持聯繫的人群

Having fewer resources or opportunities than other people because of social or economic conditions.

處於弱勢的；因社會或經濟條件而擁有較少資源或機會的

To force people to leave the place where they normally live.

使流離失所；迫使人離開平常居住的地方

Relating to the home, household, or family life.

家庭的；家務的；與居家生活有關的

To leave one's country of usual residence in order to live in another country.

移居國外；從原居住國遷出