托福詞彙

The process through which people learn and negotiate the expectations, values, and practices of social life.

社會化；學習並協商社會生活中的期待、價值觀與實踐方式的過程

To teach someone the expectations, values, and behavior associated with participation in a society or group.

使社會化；教導人參與社會或群體所需的期待、價值觀與行為方式

Relating to the combined influence of people's social position and economic circumstances.

社會經濟的；與社會地位及經濟處境的綜合影響有關的

The systematic study of social relationships, institutions, and patterns of life in human societies.

社會學

Unity and mutual support among people who share a concern, interest, or difficult situation.

團結；因共同關切、利益或困境而產生的相互支持

The arrangement of society into layers with unequal access to resources, power, or social standing.

社會階層化；社會分層

A group within a wider society whose members share distinctive practices, interests, or values.

次文化；較大社會中，共享獨特實踐方式、興趣或價值觀的群體

A strong social prohibition against a particular action, object, or topic within a group.

禁忌；群體對某種行動、事物或話題的強烈禁止

The estimated number of children a woman would have if she experienced a given period's age-specific birth rates throughout her reproductive years.

總生育率；依特定時期各年齡層的生育率估算每名女性一生生育的子女數

Extending across national borders through connections, activities, or relationships.

跨國的；透過聯繫、活動或關係跨越國界的

To bring people together, or join together, around a shared purpose or concern.

使團結；為共同目標或關切而聯合起來

Movement toward a higher social or economic position.

向上流動；社會或經濟地位的提升

An increase in the proportion of a population living in towns and cities.

都市化；城鎮人口占總人口的比例上升的過程

To become more urban in population or physical character, or make an area more urban.

使都市化；在人口或空間樣貌上變得更具都市特徵