托福詞彙

Something valued that is received or offered in return for an action or achievement.

獎勵；因某項行動或成就而獲得，或被承諾給予的有價值事物

Focusing on selected information while giving less attention to competing information.

選擇性注意力；專注於選定的資訊，同時較少注意其他競爭的資訊

The ability to manage impulses and actions in order to follow chosen goals or standards.

自我控制；為遵循所選目標或標準，而管理衝動與行動的能力

A person's overall sense of their own worth or value.

自尊；對自身價值的整體感受或評價

Memory for general facts, concepts, and meanings, rather than for a particular personal experience.

語意記憶；關於一般事實、概念與意義，而非特定個人經歷的記憶

An experience produced when the senses detect stimulation, such as pressure, sound, or light.

感覺；感官偵測到壓力、聲音或光線等刺激時所產生的體驗

Relating to the senses or the information they receive.

感官的；與感官或其接收的資訊有關的

The temporary holding of a limited amount of information for immediate use.

短期記憶；暫時保留少量資訊，供立即使用

Nervous or uncomfortable when meeting or speaking with other people.

害羞的；與人見面或交談時感到緊張、不自在的

An oversimplified general belief about the characteristics of a group of people.

刻板印象；對某個群體特徵過度簡化、概括的看法

An event, object, or change that can produce a sensory or behavioral response.

刺激；能引起感官或行為反應的事件、物體或變化

A person's characteristic style of emotional reaction, activity, and self-regulation, often apparent early in life.

氣質；個人特有的情緒反應、活動及自我調節方式，常在生命早期顯現

The understanding that other people have beliefs, intentions, and feelings that may differ from one's own and guide their behavior.

心智理論；理解他人有可能與自己不同的信念、意圖及感受，並依此行動

Happening or influencing behavior without a person being aware of it.

無意識的；在本人未察覺的情況下發生或影響行為的

A mental system that briefly holds information while a person actively uses or changes it during a task.

工作記憶；執行任務時暫時保留資訊，並主動運用或處理資訊的心理系統