托福詞彙

The allocation of attention to more than one task or source of information.

分配性注意力；將注意力分配給多項任務或多個資訊來源

A feeling such as joy, anger, or fear, often involving changes in thought, body, and behavior.

情緒；喜悅、憤怒或恐懼等感受，常涉及思考、身體及行為的變化

Processes that influence which emotions occur, how strongly or how long they are felt, or how they are expressed.

情緒調節；影響情緒的產生、強度、持續時間或表達方式的歷程

To understand and relate to another person's feelings or experiences from their perspective.

同理；設身處地理解並體會他人的感受或經歷

The ability to understand another person's feelings or experience them from that person's perspective.

同理心；從他人角度理解或體會其感受的能力

Memory of personally experienced events, including their setting and a sense of having lived through them.

情節記憶；關於親身經歷的事件及其情境，並帶有曾經歷過之感受的記憶

Coming from outside an activity itself, especially as a separate reward or reason for doing it.

外在的；來自活動本身之外，尤其指另外的獎勵或行動理由

A person who tends to seek social interaction and stimulation from people and activities around them.

外向者；較傾向尋求社交互動，以及周遭人事物所帶來刺激的人

A recollection of an event or detail that did not happen as remembered.

錯誤記憶；記得的事件或細節，實際上並未發生，或並非如記憶中那樣發生

A rapid bodily response to a perceived threat that prepares a person or animal to confront it or escape.

戰或逃反應；感受到威脅時，身體迅速做出準備，以便對抗或逃離的反應

To direct attention toward a particular subject, activity, or feature.

集中注意力；聚焦於

To be unable to bring information to mind or fail to remember something that should be done.

忘記；想不起來；忘了做某事

Often failing to remember things.

健忘的；容易忘記事情的

A change in judgment caused by the way the same or equivalent information is presented.

框架效應；相同或等價的資訊，因呈現方式不同而引起的判斷變化

To make someone feel upset or irritated because they cannot do what they are trying to do.

使感到挫折；因無法完成想做的事而使人煩惱或惱怒

The unhappy or irritated feeling that occurs when progress or an intended goal is blocked.

挫折感；因進展或目標受阻而感到不快或煩躁

A pattern in which a group's desire for agreement interferes with careful evaluation of ideas and alternatives.

團體迷思；群體過度追求共識，因而妨礙仔細評估想法與替代方案的模式

A reduction in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure to it.

習慣化；反覆接觸某種刺激後，對它的反應減弱

A perception that differs from the physical properties of the thing being perceived.

錯覺；與感知對象的實際特徵不一致的知覺

To copy the actions, sounds, or behavior of another person.

模仿；仿照他人的動作、聲音或行為

The copying of another person's actions or behavior.

模仿；仿效他人的動作或行為

A sudden urge to do something, often without prior planning.

衝動；突然想採取某種行動的強烈欲望，通常未經事先計畫

Acting quickly in response to an urge without much consideration of the consequences.

衝動的；受到一時衝動驅使，未充分考慮後果就迅速行動的

An expected benefit or reward that encourages someone to take a particular action.

誘因；鼓勵人採取特定行動的預期好處或獎勵

A clear understanding of a problem or relationship that was not previously obvious.

洞見；對原本不明顯的問題或關係產生清楚的理解

Arising from the interest or satisfaction of an activity itself rather than from an outside reward.

內在的；源於活動本身的興趣或滿足感，而非外在獎勵的

A person who tends to be more oriented toward inner thoughts and quieter, less socially stimulating activities.

內向者；較傾向內在思考，以及安靜、社交刺激較少的活動的人

An immediate feeling or understanding that arises without deliberate step-by-step reasoning.

直覺；未經刻意逐步推理便產生的即時感受或理解

Based on an immediate feeling or understanding rather than conscious step-by-step reasoning.

直覺的；基於直接的感受或理解，而非有意識地逐步推理的