托福詞彙

Rules and measures that determine who or what may use a computing resource and which actions are allowed.

存取控制；規定哪些人或程式可以使用運算資源，以及可以執行哪些操作的規則與措施

To begin using a technology, system, or technical method as part of regular practice.

採用；開始在日常實務中使用某項技術、系統或技術方法

The decision or process of beginning to use a technology, system, or technical method.

採用；決定開始使用技術、系統或技術方法，或開始使用的過程

A precisely defined set of steps for solving a problem or performing a computation.

演算法；解決問題或執行計算的一組明確步驟

A systematic pattern in a computer system's results that unfairly favors or disadvantages particular people or groups.

演算法偏見；計算系統結果對特定個人或群體產生不公平影響的系統性傾向

A software program designed to help users perform particular tasks.

應用程式；協助完成特定工作的軟體

The field and technologies concerned with computer systems that perform tasks such as recognizing patterns, making predictions, or generating responses.

人工智慧；研究及實現模式辨識、預測等工作的電腦技術

The process of verifying the claimed identity of a user, device, or program.

身分驗證；確認使用者、裝置或程式是否具有其所聲稱身分的程序

To give a user, program, or device permission to access a resource or perform a specified action.

授權；允許使用者、程式或裝置存取資源或執行指定操作

To arrange for a task to be performed by a machine or software with less direct human control.

使自動化；讓機器或軟體以較少的人工直接控制完成工作

Operating through a set mechanism or program without a person manually starting each step.

自動的；不需人員手動啟動每個步驟的

The use of machines or software to perform tasks with less direct human control.

自動化；利用機器或軟體減少人工直接控制的做法

A system that can perform specified tasks without continuous direct human control.

自主系統；不需持續由人直接控制，即可執行指定工作的系統

To make a copy of digital information so it can be recovered if the original becomes unavailable.

備份；複製數位資訊，以便原始資料無法使用時復原

The ability of a newer system or product to work with files, software, or equipment designed for an earlier version.

向下相容性；較新的系統或產品能使用為舊版本設計的檔案、軟體或設備的能力

The data-carrying capacity of a connection, usually expressed as an amount of data per unit of time.

頻寬；連線在單位時間內可承載的資料量

An internet access service that provides relatively high data-transfer capacity.

寬頻；提供相對較高資料傳輸容量的網際網路連線服務

A defect in a computer program that can make it behave incorrectly.

程式缺陷；造成軟體行為不正確的錯誤

A software system that interacts with users through conversational text or speech.

聊天機器人；透過文字或語音對話與使用者互動的軟體系統

Software or a device that requests information or services from a server.

用戶端；向伺服器請求資訊或服務的軟體或裝置

A service that stores data on remotely managed computing resources accessed through a network.

雲端儲存；透過網路存取遠端管理的運算資源，以保存資料的服務

Instructions written in a programming language for a computer to interpret or execute.

程式碼；以程式語言撰寫的指令

To reduce the amount of space needed to represent digital information, using a method that may preserve or discard some detail.

壓縮；以較少空間表示數位資訊，所用方法可能保留或捨棄部分細節

The reduction of the space used to represent digital information, or the method used to achieve it.

壓縮；減少數位資訊所需儲存空間的過程或方法

An electronic device that follows instructions to process, store, and communicate information.

電腦

To establish a link that allows devices or systems to exchange information.

連接；建立裝置或系統之間的資訊通路

To stop operating unexpectedly because of a problem in a computer or program.

當機；電腦或程式意外停止運作

Facts or information collected for use, including information represented in a form that computers can process.

資料；供使用或分析的事實與資訊，也包括電腦可處理的資訊形式

An incident in which information is accessed or disclosed without authorization, or exposed to such access.

資料外洩事件；資料遭未經授權存取、揭露或暴露的事件