托福詞彙

how clean or polluted the air is

空氣品質

underground material that can supply useful quantities of groundwater

含水層

extremely dry because precipitation is scarce

乾旱的；少雨的

pressure exerted by the surrounding air

大氣壓；氣壓

capable of being broken down by living organisms

可生物分解的

carbon-containing gas central to respiration and climate

二氧化碳

greenhouse gas emissions attributable to a person, product, or activity

碳足跡

reservoir taking in more carbon than it releases over a period

碳匯

remove unwanted waste or contamination from an area

清理；清除污染

usual weather patterns over many years

氣候

persistent change in average climate and its variability

氣候變遷

relating to land or water close to the sea

沿海的；海岸的

change from vapor into liquid droplets

凝結；冷凝

protect resources by limiting wasteful use

節約；保護（資源）

introduce an unwanted substance into water, soil, or another material

污染；使受污染

condition or process of becoming impure through unwanted substances

污染；受污染

slow change in the positions of continents

大陸漂移

central metallic part of Earth beneath the mantle

地核

outermost solid rock layer of Earth

地殼

loss of forest cover as land is converted to other uses

毀林；森林砍伐與消失

reduce the available quantity of a natural resource

耗盡；大量消耗

loss of land productivity in dry climates

沙漠化；荒漠化

prolonged shortage of precipitation and available water

乾旱；旱災

sudden ground shaking caused by movement within Earth

地震

send gases or particles into the environment

排放；釋放（氣體或顆粒）

saving energy by limiting waste and consumption

節能；節約能源

gradually wear away soil or rock

侵蝕；受到侵蝕

wearing away and movement of soil or rock by natural agents

侵蝕；侵蝕搬運

release lava, gas, or ash from a volcano

（火山）噴發