托福詞彙

upper covering formed by a plant community's leaves

樹冠葉層；樹葉形成的上層覆蓋

successive stages in an organism's development and reproduction

生命週期；生活史

animal of the class whose females produce milk

哺乳類動物

join with another animal for sexual reproduction

交配

transformation from an immature form into a different adult form

變態發育

organism too small to see without magnification

微生物

move regularly between habitats or regions

遷徙

regular seasonal movement between habitats

動物遷徙

made up of many cells

多細胞的

change in an organism's DNA sequence

突變；DNA 序列變化

species occurring naturally in a particular area

原生種；原生物種

spread of advantageous inherited traits

天擇；自然選擇

active mainly during the night

夜行性的；主要在夜間活動的

cell structure containing most genetic material

細胞核

circulation of nutrients through organisms and their surroundings

養分循環；營養物質循環

young produced by an organism

後代；幼體

animal that eats both plant and animal food

雜食性動物

individual living thing

生物；有機體

organism that obtains resources from and harms a host

寄生生物；寄生蟲

use of light energy to produce sugars

光合作用

fine grains involved in seed-plant reproduction

花粉

transfer pollen so a flower can be fertilized

為……授粉；傳粉

transfer of pollen enabling fertilization

授粉；傳粉

number of organisms within a unit of space

族群密度；人口密度

animal that captures other animals for food

掠食者；捕食性動物

animal or animals hunted and eaten by a predator

獵物；被捕食的動物

gene variant whose trait effect is masked by a dominant variant

隱性等位基因

free nutrients for use by other organisms

釋放養分

produce new individuals of the same kind

（生物）繁殖；產生後代