托福詞彙

way a species uses resources and interacts with its environment

生態棲位

gradual change in the species making up a community

生態演替；群落演替

community interacting with its physical environment

生態系

in serious danger of becoming extinct

瀕危的

naturally found only within a particular area

（某地區）特有的

having green leaves throughout the year

常綠的

change in inherited traits across generations

演化

change genetically over successive generations

演化

permanent disappearance of a species

滅絕

joining of reproductive cells to begin a new organism

受精

sequence of organisms transferring energy through feeding

食物鏈

interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem

食物網

move around searching for food

覓食

fossil evidence of life through geological time

化石紀錄

organism such as a mushroom, mold, or yeast

真菌

unit of hereditary information in DNA

基因

all gene variants present in a population

基因庫（族群中所有基因變異形式的總和）

chance-driven change in population gene frequencies

遺傳漂變

genetic differences among members of a population

遺傳變異；遺傳差異

begin to grow from a seed

發芽；萌發

place and conditions where an organism normally lives

棲地；生境

come out of an egg

孵出；破殼而出

animal whose diet consists mainly of plant material

植食性動物；草食性動物

passed from parents to offspring through genes

遺傳的；透過遺傳傳遞的

spend an extended period with greatly reduced activity and metabolism

冬眠

organism on or in which a parasite lives

宿主；寄主

introduced species whose spread causes harm

入侵種；外來入侵物種

animal that lacks a backbone

無脊椎動物

immature animal with a form unlike the adult

幼蟲；幼體