托福词汇

using few simple elements and little decoration

极简的；使用少量简单元素、装饰较少的

artistic tendencies that experimented with form and questioned inherited conventions

现代主义；尤指十九世纪晚期至二十世纪实验形式、质疑既有惯例的一系列艺术倾向

large picture created on a wall or ceiling

壁画；绘制或制作在墙面、天花板上的大型图画

institution that cares for and presents objects for learning and enjoyment

博物馆；收藏、保管、研究和展示具有艺术、历史、科学等价值物件的机构

written notation showing the parts of a musical work

乐谱；记录音乐作品、常同时列出不同演奏声部的书面记谱

space around and between the main forms in an image or design

负空间；图像或设计中主体周围及之间的空间

picture or practice using paint with a drying oil binder

油画；以干性油为黏结剂的颜料所绘作品或相应技法

placed where people can look at it

展出中；陈列着

temporarily borrowed or lent without transfer of ownership

借展中；借用中；所有权不变的临时出借或借入状态

having a large interior with few internal dividing walls

开放式布局的；内部少有隔墙、不同功能空间相连的

decoration added to a building or art object

装饰；主要用于丰富建筑或物件外观的细部

having many elaborate decorative details

装饰繁复的；装饰华丽的

create a picture using colored paint

画；用颜料在表面上创作图画

range of colors used in an artwork

用色；艺术作品采用的一组色彩

present music drama dance or another act to an audience

表演；为观众演奏、演戏或舞蹈等

occasion on which artistic work is presented to an audience

演出；向观众呈现音乐、戏剧或舞蹈等艺术活动

representation of depth and spatial relationships on a flat surface

透视；在平面上表现深度和空间关系的方法

colored particles used to give paint or other material its color

颜料色粉；使涂料等材料呈色的有色颗粒

artistic representation of a person

肖像；人物画像或其他艺术形象

indirect measures that reduce future damage to cultural objects

预防性保护；通过适当储存、搬运等间接措施减少文物未来损害，而不直接改变物件

history of an artwork's origin, ownership, and movement

来源及流传经历；艺术品的起源、历次所有权和流转历史

art created for or presented in places accessible to the public

公共艺术；为公众可进入的空间创作或在其中展示的艺术

artistic approach that depicts people and things without idealization

现实主义；不加理想化地如实表现人物、物件或事件的艺术取向

sculpture with forms projecting from a background surface

浮雕；形象从背景表面凸起且仍与其相连的雕塑

copy made to resemble an original object

复制品；为展示、研究或替代等目的制作的近似原件的物品

depicting recognizable people objects or scenes

具象的；描绘可辨识人物、物件或场景的

treat a damaged artwork to recover its readability or appreciation

修复；通过处理受损或改变的艺术品，使其外观、意义或用途更易理解和欣赏

make small local adjustments to an image's surface or appearance

局部修饰；修补；如补色以改善图像局部外观

make a three dimensional artwork by shaping material

雕塑；用黏土、石头等材料塑造立体作品