托福词汇

government department responsible for a policy area

政府的部；部委

relating to the government of a town or city

市政的；城市地方政府的

legal process of acquiring citizenship after birth

归化；入籍

formally propose a person for a position or election

提名；推荐为候选人

law made by a local government

地方法规；市政条例

supervision and scrutiny of official activities

监督；监管

national lawmaking assembly in parliamentary systems

议会；国会

official document authorizing a particular activity

许可证；许可

formally request action from an authority

请愿；正式请求

limited initial program used to assess a proposed approach

试点项目

person or organization bringing a civil lawsuit

原告

tool used by government to pursue a policy objective

政策工具

earlier court decision guiding later similar cases

判例；先例

requirement to treat an accused person as innocent until guilt is proved

无罪推定

relating to the steps required to make an official decision

程序上的；程序性的

electoral arrangements linking seats to vote share

比例代表制

bring and pursue a criminal case against someone

起诉；提起并进行刑事诉讼

organization and operation of government services and policies

公共行政；公共管理

process of seeking people's views before a public decision

公众咨询；公众意见征询

money spent by government on services and other purposes

公共支出；财政支出

open official meeting for receiving statements on an issue

公开听证会

welfare or benefit of the community as a whole

公共利益

money received by government

公共收入；财政收入

service provided for the benefit of a community

公共服务

organization supplying an essential service to the public

公用事业机构

formally approve an agreement or constitutional change

批准；正式认可

direct vote by the electorate on a particular proposal

公民投票；全民公决

official rule controlling an activity

规章；管理规定

public body responsible for rules in a particular activity

监管机构