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Forms ordinary-verb questions and negatives

用于一般动词的疑问句和否定句的助动词

Replaces an action already mentioned

代替前面已出现的一般动词或动词短语

Perform an action or task

做；干；完成某项活动

check whether your interpretation is what the speaker means

你的意思是……吗？

Check if someone objects to your action

我……你介意吗？；我可以……吗？

Ask gently if someone can do something

你看能不能……？；不知你是否方便……？

ask whether the listener has understood an explanation

你明白了吗？

twice as much or as many

两倍（的量）

Moving toward a lower place along something.

向……下方；沿……向下

at some time in, or through all of, a named period

在……期间

every individual, considered separately

每个；各个

People acting toward one another

彼此；互相

A change in someone or something caused by another thing.

影响；效果

8 as a number used for counting

八；八个

18 as a number used for counting

十八

80 as a number used for counting

八十

one or the other of two possibilities

两者中任意一个

Used at the end of a negative statement to add another negative fact.

也不；也没有

11 as a number used for counting

十一

used to ask or talk about something more

还；另外

The last part of an activity, story, or period of time.

结尾；末尾；结束时

as much or as many as needed

足够的（数量）

at any time, especially when asking about experience

曾经；在任何时候

all members of a group, one by one

每个；每一

All the things being discussed

所有东西；一切

In or to all the places being discussed.

到处；各处

with no difference from the stated amount

正好；恰好（数量或时间）

politely attract someone’s attention

劳驾；不好意思（引起注意）

At or over a long distance.

远；很远