IELTS

The extent to which a large proportion of total income is received by a small group

Change in an individual's socioeconomic position during their own lifetime

The enforced inability to afford goods, services or activities regarded as necessary for an acceptable life

A system or ideal in which advancement and rewards are based mainly on ability and achievement

Poverty assessed through several deprivations, such as health, education and living conditions, rather than income alone

Population growth produced when births exceed deaths, without counting migration

The ratio of people above a specified older-age threshold to people conventionally considered of working age

The composition of a population according to characteristics such as age and sex

Resources and benefits that people can access through social relationships, networks, trust and cooperation

The organisation of a society into hierarchical social layers with unequal resources or status

The extent to which a large proportion of total net wealth is held by a small group

Formally find a defendant not guilty of a criminal charge

The minimum age at which a person can be held legally responsible for a criminal offence

Claimed to have happened or been done, but not yet proved

The legal responsibility to establish a claim or charge to the required standard

An approach in which police work with local communities to identify and solve safety problems

Unlawful or seriously antisocial behaviour by children or young people

The laws, institutions and procedures used to respond to alleged offending by children or young people

Improper, unethical or unlawful behaviour by a police officer in connection with their duties

Court-ordered supervision of an offender in the community instead of, or sometimes after, imprisonment

A legal official who brings or presents a criminal case on behalf of the state or public authority

A police power to stop a person and search them when specified legal conditions are met

Non-violent, financially motivated crime committed through a professional, business or organisational position

The secure confinement of a young person before trial or as a legal sanction

Involving many administrative rules or procedures, especially when they cause unnecessary delay or difficulty

Government debt expressed as a percentage of annual gross domestic product

The removal or reduction of government rules that control an industry or market

The principle of managing government revenue, spending and borrowing in a sustainable and accountable way

The obligation of governments and public officials to explain their decisions and accept responsibility for their actions